Shloka 20
Śaṅkha–Likhita Upākhyāna: Daṇḍa, Confession, and the Purification of Kingship (शङ्ख-लिखितोपाख्यानम्)
Devanagari script
ये3रक्ष्यमाणा हीयन्ते दैवेनाभ्याहता नृप । तस्करैश्वापि हीयन्ते सर्व तद्् राजकिल्बिषम्
Translation
Vaiśampāyana sprach: „O König, wer zugrunde geht, weil er vom König nicht geschützt wird—getroffen von Schicksalsnöten wie Dürre oder geschädigt durch Räuber—dessen Untergangs Schuld fällt ganz dem König zur Last.“
Word by Word
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अरक्ष्यमाणाःnot being protected
अरक्ष्यमाणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्ष् (धातु) + यमान (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive, शानच् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
हीयन्तेperish / are diminished
हीयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootही (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
दैवेनby fate / by divine agency
दैवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्याहताःstruck/afflicted
अभ्याहताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-आ-हन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृदन्त)
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तस्करैःby thieves
तस्करैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतस्कर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
हीयन्तेperish / are diminished
हीयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootही (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
राजकिल्बिषम्the king's sin/fault
राजकिल्बिषम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् + किल्बिष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes