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Shloka 44

Gārhasthya-Śreṣṭhatā and Kṣatriya-Daṇḍadhāraṇa

Householder Primacy and the Royal Duty of Punishment

शंख उवाच एवमेतन्मया कार्य नाहं दण्डधरस्तव । सच पूतो नरपतिस्त्वं चापि पितृभि: सह,शंख बोले--भाई! यह ठीक है, मैं ऐसा कर सकता था; परंतु मुझे तुम्हें दण्ड देनेका अधिकार नहीं है। दण्ड देनेका कार्य तो राजाका ही है। इस प्रकार दण्ड देकर राजा सुद्युम्न और उस दण्डको स्वीकार करके तुम पितरोंसहित पवित्र हो गये

śaṅkha uvāca | evam etan mayā kāryaṁ nāhaṁ daṇḍadharas tava | sa ca pūto narapatis tvaṁ cāpi pitṛbhiḥ saha ||

Śaṅkha sprach: „So ist es; ich hätte wahrlich so handeln können. Doch in deinem Fall bin ich nicht der Träger der Strafe—ich habe keine Vollmacht, dich zu züchtigen. Die Aufgabe, Strafe zu verhängen, gehört allein dem König. Indem er jene Strafe auferlegte, wurde der König (Sudyumna) geläutert; und indem du sie annahmst, wurdest auch du—zusammen mit deinen Ahnen—geläutert.“

शङ्खःShankha (name)
शङ्खः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशङ्ख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
कार्यम्to be done / proper to do
कार्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
दण्डधरःpunisher / wielder of the rod (authority to punish)
दण्डधरः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डधर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवof you / your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पूतःpurified
पूतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरपतिःking
नरपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनरपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
also/and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
पितृभिःwith the fathers/ancestors
पितृभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह

शंख उवाच

Ś
Śaṅkha
S
Sudyumna (narapati/king)
P
pitṛs (ancestors)

Educational Q&A

Punishment (daṇḍa) is a regulated function of legitimate authority—primarily the king. Even if one has the capacity to act, dharma requires acting within one’s rightful jurisdiction; properly administered and properly accepted punishment is portrayed as morally purifying.

Śaṅkha clarifies that although he could have taken action, he is not entitled to punish the other party. He affirms that the king alone bears that mandate; the king’s act of punishing and the offender’s acceptance of it are both framed as leading to purification, extending even to the offender’s ancestral line.