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Shloka 50

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

ततः कालविपयसि तेषां गुणविपर्ययात्‌ । अपश्यं निर्गतं धर्म कामक्रोधवशात्मनाम्‌

tataḥ kāla-viparyaye teṣāṁ guṇa-viparyayāt | apaśyaṁ nirgataṁ dharmaṁ kāma-krodha-vaśātmanām ||

Śakra sprach: „Dann aber, als die Zeit sich widrig wandte und ihre Eigenschaften verkehrt wurden, sah ich, dass das Dharma sie verlassen hatte. Von Begierde und Zorn überwältigt, blieben sie nicht länger von Rechtschaffenheit geleitet.“

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
कालविपर्ययेin the reversal of time/circumstances
कालविपर्यये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकालविपर्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
गुणविपर्ययात्from the perversion of qualities
गुणविपर्ययात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगुणविपर्यय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अपश्यम्I saw
अपश्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
निर्गतम्gone out, departed
निर्गतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कामक्रोधवशात्मनाम्of those whose selves are under the power of desire and anger
कामक्रोधवशात्मनाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकामक्रोधवशात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)

Educational Q&A

When circumstances turn and inner qualities become distorted, dharma is the first casualty; surrendering the self to desire (kāma) and anger (krodha) leads to ethical collapse. The verse underscores self-mastery as the condition for sustaining righteousness.

Śakra (Indra) reports his observation that, due to an adverse turn of time and a reversal of character, dharma has left certain beings who have become dominated by desire and anger—marking a shift toward unrighteous conduct.