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Shloka 10

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

ये त्वेवें नाभिजानन्ति रजोमोहपरायणा: । ते कृच्छूं प्राप्प सीदन्ति बुद्धिर्येषां प्रणश्यति,जो लोग रजोगुण (काम-क्रोध) और मोहके वशीभूत हो इस बातको भलीभाँति नहीं जानते हैं तथा जिनकी बुद्धि नष्ट हो जाती है, वे संकटमें पड़नेपर बहुत दुखी होते हैं

ye tv evaṁ nābhijānanti rajo-moha-parāyaṇāḥ | te kṛcchraṁ prāpya sīdanti buddhir yeṣāṁ praṇaśyati ||

Doch jene, die sich Leidenschaft (rajas) und Verblendung hingeben und dies nicht wahrhaft erkennen—deren Unterscheidungsvermögen zugrunde gegangen ist—sinken, wenn das Unheil über sie kommt, in Bedrängnis. Die Lehre macht deutlich: Unwissen, genährt von Begehren, Zorn und Täuschung, lässt die innere Führung zusammenbrechen und macht Leiden in der Krise unvermeidlich.

येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
इमंthis (one/this matter)
इमं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिजानन्तिknow/recognize
अभिजानन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-ज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
रजोमोहपरायणाःdevoted to/pursuing passion and delusion
रजोमोहपरायणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरजस्-मोह-परायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कृच्छ्रंdistress/hardship
कृच्छ्रं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving reached/obtaining
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active
सीदन्तिsink down/are afflicted
सीदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
बुद्धिःunderstanding/intellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
येषाम्of whom/whose
येषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रणश्यतिperishes/is destroyed
प्रणश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

श॒क्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)

Educational Q&A

When the mind is dominated by rajas (passionate impulses such as desire and anger) and moha (delusion), true understanding is lost; with the loss of buddhi (discernment), a person collapses in hardship. Ethical steadiness depends on clarity of intellect rather than impulsive drives.

Śakra (Indra) is instructing his listener in a didactic context within Śānti Parva, contrasting those who understand the right principle with those overwhelmed by passion and delusion; he explains the consequence: such people become miserable and sink when difficulties arise.