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Shloka 14

निरय-परमस्थान-वर्णनम्

Niraya and the Supreme Station: A Metaphysical Re-reading

नित्यमेव सुखं स्वर्गे सुखं दुः:खमिहो भयम्‌ । नरके दुःखमेवाहु: सुखं तत्परमं पदम्‌,स्वर्गमें सदा सुख ही होता है। इस मर्त्यलोकमें सुख और दु:ख दोनों होते हैं। नरकमें केवल दुःख-ही-दुःख बताया गया है। वास्तविक सुख तो वह परमपदस्वरूप परब्रह्म परमात्मा ही है

nityam eva sukhaṃ svarge sukhaṃ duḥkham iha u bhayam | narake duḥkham evāhuḥ sukhaṃ tat paramam padam ||

Bharadvāja sprach: „Im Himmel gibt es immer nur Glück. In dieser sterblichen Welt findet sich sowohl Glück als auch Leid. In der Hölle, so sagt man, gibt es nur Leid. Wahres Glück jedoch ist jener höchste Zustand — das parama-pada, die erhabenste Wohnstatt — der höchste Brahman.“

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
FormAvyaya (adverb)
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (emphatic particle)
सुखम्happiness/pleasure
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
स्वर्गेin heaven
स्वर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, locative, singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
दुःखम्sorrow/pain
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
FormAvyaya (adverb)
उभयम्both (together)
उभयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउभय
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
नरकेin hell
नरके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormMasculine, locative, singular
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (emphatic particle)
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPresent tense (Lat), 3rd person, plural; parasmaipada
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
परमम्supreme
परमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
पदम्state/abode/goal
पदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपद
FormNeuter, nominative, singular

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
S
Svarga (heaven)
N
Naraka (hell)
P
Paramam Padam (supreme abode/state)
B
Brahman/Paramātman (implied by the gloss)

Educational Q&A

Pleasure in heaven and pain in hell are still conditioned experiences; the verse points beyond them to the highest good—true, unsurpassed happiness identified with the supreme state (parama-pada), i.e., realization of Brahman/Paramātman.

In the didactic discourse of the Śānti Parva, Bharadvāja states a graded view of realms—heaven, the human world, and hell—and then elevates the discussion by asserting that the ultimate aim is not any realm but the supreme state itself.