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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 177: Pañca-mahābhūta-vicāra and Vṛkṣa-jīva-lakṣaṇa

Five Elements Inquiry and the Status of Plant Life

तमतिक्रान्तमर्यादमाददानं ततस्ततः । प्रतिषेधन्ति राजानो लुब्धा मृगमिवेषुभि:,“इस तरह मर्यादाका उल्लंघन करके जब वह इधर-उधरसे लूट-खसोटकर धन ले आता है, तब राजा उसे उसी प्रकार कठोर दण्ड देकर रोकते हैं। जैसे व्याध बाणोंसे मारकर मृगोंकी गति रोक देते हैं

tam atikrāntamaryādam ādādānaṃ tataḥ tataḥ | pratiṣedhanti rājāno lubdhā mṛgam iveṣubhiḥ ||

Bhīṣma spricht: Wenn ein Mensch die Grenzen der maryādā (der rechtmäßigen Ordnung) überschreitet und durch Plünderung hier und dort Reichtum an sich reißt, dann zügeln ihn die Könige mit strenger Strafe—wie Jäger die Flucht eines Hirsches mit Pfeilen stoppen.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अतिक्रान्तhaving transgressed
अतिक्रान्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formक्त, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
मर्यादम्boundary; limit; propriety
मर्यादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्यादा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आददानम्taking; seizing
आददानम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
ततःfrom there; thence
ततः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
ततःfrom there (again); here and there
ततः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्रतिषेधन्तिthey restrain; they prohibit
प्रतिषेधन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-षिध्
Formलट्, Present indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लुब्धाःgreedy; covetous
लुब्धाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootलुब्ध
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
मृगम्a deer; an animal
मृगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike; as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
इषुभिःwith arrows
इषुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइषु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
H
hunters (lubdhāḥ)
D
deer (mṛga)
A
arrows (iṣu)

Educational Q&A

Those who violate maryādā by predatory taking and plunder must be checked by the ruler; punishment is presented as a necessary instrument of rāja-dharma to protect society and uphold ethical boundaries.

Bhishma describes a wrongdoer who roams about seizing wealth unlawfully; he says kings restrain such a person through harsh penalties, using the simile of hunters halting a deer’s movement with arrows.