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Shloka 20

बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account

On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics

उद्धिद: स्वेदजाश्वैव साण्डजाश्न जरायुजा: । जज्ञे तात जगत्‌ सर्व तथा स्थावरजड्भमम्‌,उन्हीं कन्‍्याओंसे समस्त प्राणी, देवता, पितर, गन्धर्व, अप्सरा, नाना प्रकारके राक्षस, पशु, पक्षी, मत्स्य, वानर, बड़े-बड़े नाग, जल और स्थलमें विचरनेवाले सब प्रकारके पक्षिगण, उद्भिज्ज, स्वेदज, अण्डज और जरायुज प्राणी उत्पन्न हुए। तात! इस प्रकार सम्पूर्ण स्थावर-जड़म जगत्‌ उत्पन्न हुआ

udbhijjaḥ svedajāś caiva aṇḍajāś ca jarāyujāḥ | jajñe tāta jagat sarvaṃ tathā sthāvara-jaṅgamam ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „Aus ihnen gingen alle Wesen hervor: die aus Sprossen Geborenen (Pflanzen), die aus Schweiß oder Feuchtigkeit Entstandenen, die aus Eiern Geborenen und die aus dem Mutterleib Geborenen. So, mein Kind, kam die ganze Welt ins Dasein, das Unbewegliche wie das Bewegliche.“

उद्भिज्जाःsprouting-born beings (plants etc.)
उद्भिज्जाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउद्भिज्ज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वेदजाःsweat/moisture-born beings
स्वेदजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वेदज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अण्डजाःegg-born beings (birds etc.)
अण्डजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअण्डज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जरायुजाःwomb-born beings (mammals etc.)
जरायुजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजरायुज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जज्ञेwas born/arose
जज्ञे:
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
तातO dear one/son
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all/entire
सर्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/so; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
स्थावरजङ्गमम्immobile and mobile (creation)
स्थावरजङ्गमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थावर-जङ्गम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
tāta (addressed listener, traditionally Yudhiṣṭhira)
U
udbhijja
S
svedaja
A
aṇḍaja
J
jarāyuja
J
jagat
S
sthāvara
J
jaṅgama

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a traditional Indian taxonomy of living beings by modes of birth—sprout-born, moisture-born, egg-born, and womb-born—emphasizing that the whole cosmos (both immobile and mobile life) is encompassed within an ordered creation.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction during the Śānti Parva, he describes how the entire world came into being, summarizing creation as the emergence of all creatures in four broad categories, culminating in the totality of the moving and unmoving universe.