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Shloka 54

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

गृध्र उदाच अद्य वर्षसहस््रं मे साग्रं जातस्य मानुषा: । न च पश्यामि जीवन्तं मृतं स्त्रीपुंनपुंसकम्‌,गीधने कहा--मनुष्यो! मुझे जन्म लिये आज एक हजार वर्षसे अधिक हो गये; परंतु मैंने कभी किसी स्टत्री-पुरुष या नपुंसकको मरनेके बाद फिर जीवित होते नहीं देखा

gṛdhra uvāca: adya varṣa-sahasraṃ me sāgraṃ jātasya, mānuṣāḥ; na ca paśyāmi jīvantaṃ mṛtaṃ strī-puṃ-napuṃsakam.

Der Geier sprach: „O Menschen, heute sind seit meiner Geburt mehr als tausend Jahre vergangen; doch habe ich niemals eine Frau, einen Mann oder einen Eunuchen gesehen, der nach dem Tod wieder lebendig geworden wäre.“

गृध्रःthe vulture
गृध्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृध्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
वर्षसहस्रम्a thousand years
वर्षसहस्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्षसहस्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेof me/my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
साग्रम्and more/over and above (a full thousand)
साग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसाग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जातस्यof (one) born; having been born
जातस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मानुषाःO humans/men
मानुषाः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पश्यामिI see
पश्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
जीवन्तम्living (again)
जीवन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मृतम्dead
मृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्त्रीa woman
स्त्री:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पुमान्a man
पुमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नपुंसकम्a neuter person/eunuch
नपुंसकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनपुंसक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

जम्बुक उवाच

गृध्र (Gṛdhra, the vulture)
मानुषाः (humans)
स्त्री (woman)
पुमान् (man)
नपुंसक (eunuch)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the inevitability and finality of death in embodied life, urging sober ethical reflection: since no one is seen to return after dying, one should live with awareness of impermanence and act according to dharma rather than clinging to transient conditions.

A vulture addresses humans and speaks from long-lived experience, stating that in over a thousand years it has never witnessed any person—female, male, or eunuch—come back to life after death, using this observation as a didactic point within the Shanti Parva’s reflective discourse.