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Shloka 11

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

यत्र श्यामो लोहिताक्षो दण्डश्चरति सूद्यत: । प्रजास्तत्र न मुहान्ते नेता चेत्‌ साधु पश्यति,दण्डनीयपर ऐसी जोरकी मार पड़ती है कि उसकी आँखोंके सामने अँधेरा छा जाता है; इसलिये दण्डको काला कहा गया है। दण्ड देनेवालेकी आँखें क्रोधसे लाल रहती हैं; इसलिये उसे लोहिताक्ष कहते हैं। ऐसा दण्ड जहाँ सर्वथा शासनके लिये उद्यत होकर विचरता रहता है और नेता या शासक अच्छी तरह अपराधोंपर दृष्टि रखता है, वहाँ प्रजा प्रमाद नहीं करती

yatra śyāmo lohitākṣo daṇḍaś carati sūdyataḥ | prajāstatra na muhyante netā cet sādhu paśyati ||

Wo der Stab der Strafe—dunkel und rotäugig—umhergeht, stets zum Schlag bereit, und wo der Herrscher Vergehen wachsam und mit klarem Urteil überwacht, dort verfällt das Volk weder in Verwirrung noch in Nachlässigkeit; Ordnung wird durch gerechte Aufsicht und die glaubwürdige Gegenwart der Zucht bewahrt.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formindeclinable (locative adverb)
श्यामःblack/dark
श्यामः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्याम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
लोहिताक्षःred-eyed (one whose eyes are red)
लोहिताक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोहिताक्ष
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
दण्डःpunishment; the rod (of chastisement)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
चरतिmoves about; operates; is applied
चरति:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formpresent tense (lat), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
सूद्यतःready/intent (to punish); prepared
सूद्यतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूद्यत्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular (present participle, passive/ātmanepada sense: 'being ready/intent')
प्रजाःsubjects; people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
Formfeminine, nominative, plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
Formindeclinable (locative adverb)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
मुह्यन्तेbecome deluded; go astray; are negligent
मुह्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमुह्
Formpresent tense (lat), 3rd person, plural, ātmanepada
नेताleader; ruler
नेता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनेतृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
Formindeclinable (conditional particle)
साधुwell; properly
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
Formindeclinable (adverb)
पश्यतिsees; observes; keeps watch
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
Formpresent tense (lat), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

D
daṇḍa (punishment/rod of governance)
N
netā (ruler/leader)
P
prajā (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

Effective and ethical governance requires the credible presence of punishment (daṇḍa) and the ruler’s careful oversight; when discipline is ready and judgement is vigilant, society avoids moral and civic negligence.

The speaker describes the conditions of a well-governed realm: punishment is actively operative and the ruler attentively observes wrongdoing; as a result, the people do not lapse into disorder or heedlessness.