Shloka 28

तस्मात्‌ तीक्षण: प्रजा राजा स्वधर्मे स्थापयेत्‌ ततः । अन्योन्यं भक्षयन्तो हि प्रचरेयुर्वका इव,अतः तीक्ष्ण स्वभाववाला राजा ही प्रजाको अपने-अपने धर्ममें स्थापित कर सकता है; अन्यथा प्रजावर्गके सब लोग भेड़ियोंके समान एक दूसरेको लूट-खसोटकर खाते हुए स्वच्छन्द विचरने लगें

tasmāt tīkṣṇaḥ prajā rājā svadharme sthāpayet tataḥ | anyonyaṁ bhakṣayanto hi pracareyur vakā iva ||

Darum soll ein standhafter, strenger König das Volk in seinen eigenen Pflichten (svadharma) festigen. Sonst würde die Menge einander verschlingen und zügellos umherstreifen wie Wölfe—einander zur Beute werdend, wenn die Ordnung zerfällt.

तस्मात्therefore/from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
तीक्ष्णःsharp/strict
तीक्ष्णः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
स्वधर्मेin (their) own duty
स्वधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थापयेत्should establish/place
स्थापयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (स्थापयति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अन्योन्यम्one another (mutually)
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
भक्षयन्तःdevouring/eating
भक्षयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभक्ष्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
प्रचरेयुःwould roam/wander
प्रचरेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
वकाःwolves (as given in the cited text)
वकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects/people (prajāḥ)
W
wolves (vakāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that effective kingship requires firm enforcement of dharma: a ruler must keep people established in their proper duties; without such restraint, society collapses into mutual predation and lawlessness.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira about governance, warning that if a king is not stern in upholding order, the subjects will harm one another and wander unchecked like wolves.