Shloka 41
Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद
ईश्वर: पुरुष: प्राण: सत्त्वं चित्तं प्रजापति: । भूतात्मा जीव इत्येवं नामश्रि: प्रोच्यतेडष्टभि:,ईश्वर, पुरुष, प्राण, सत्त्व, चित्त, प्रजापति, भूतात्मा तथा जीव--इन आठ नामोंसे दण्डका ही प्रतिपादन किया जाता है
īśvaraḥ puruṣaḥ prāṇaḥ sattvaṁ cittaṁ prajāpatiḥ | bhūtātmā jīva ityevaṁ nāmaśriḥ procyate ’ṣṭabhiḥ ||
Bhishma sprach: Das Prinzip königlicher Strafe und Herrschaft (daṇḍa) wird durch acht Benennungen ausgesprochen: Īśvara (der Herr), Puruṣa (die Person), Prāṇa (die Lebenskraft), Sattva (die tragende Qualität), Citta (der Geist), Prajāpati (der Herr der Geschöpfe), Bhūtātman (das Selbst in den Wesen) und Jīva (das lebende Individuum). Durch diese Namen wird daṇḍa nicht als bloße Gewalt gelehrt, sondern als lebensstützende, ordnungsbildende Macht, die—recht angewandt—das Dharma aufrechterhält.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Daṇḍa (the coercive power of rule and punishment) is presented as a dharmic, life-sustaining principle with cosmic and psychological dimensions. By giving it eight exalted names, the text teaches that punishment is not merely retribution but a force meant to preserve order, protect beings, and support righteous conduct when exercised with restraint and discernment.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and dharma after the war, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on statecraft and moral rule. Here he explains the nature of daṇḍa by listing its eight traditional appellations, elevating the concept from a political tool to a principle tied to life, mind, and cosmic order.