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Shloka 35

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

दण्डेन रक्ष्यमाणा हि राजन्नहरह: प्रजा: । राजानं वर्धयन्तीह तस्माद्‌ दण्ड: परायणम्‌,राजन! दण्डसे सुरक्षित रहती हुई प्रजा ही इस जगत्‌में अपने राजाको प्रतिदिन धन- धान्यसे सम्पन्न करती रहती है। इसलिये दण्ड ही सबको आश्रय देनेवाला है

daṇḍena rakṣyamāṇā hi rājan aharahaḥ prajāḥ | rājānaṁ vardhayantīha tasmād daṇḍaḥ parāyaṇam, rājan ||

Bhīṣma sprach: O König, nur wenn das Volk Tag für Tag durch daṇḍa (die zwingende Autorität des Gesetzes) geschützt wird, gedeiht es; und wiederum stärkt es hier den König fortwährend—durch Reichtum, Korn und Beistand. Darum, o König, ist daṇḍa die letzte Zuflucht und das tragende Fundament für alle.

दण्डेनby punishment/rod (authority)
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
रक्ष्यमाणाःbeing protected
रक्ष्यमाणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्ष्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural, शानच् (present passive participle)
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अहरहःday by day
अहरहः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहरहः
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वर्धयन्तिincrease/prosper (make flourish)
वर्धयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
इहhere/in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
तस्मात्therefore/from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
दण्डःpunishment/rod (sovereign authority)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परायणम्refuge/ultimate resort
परायणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपरायण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
the king (rājan)
P
prajā (the subjects/people)
D
daṇḍa (punitive authority/law)

Educational Q&A

A king’s foremost duty is to protect society through just enforcement (daṇḍa). When law and punishment restrain wrongdoing, the people flourish and naturally sustain the kingdom; thus daṇḍa is presented as the essential support of governance.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and explains why the ruler must maintain order: protected subjects prosper and thereby enrich and strengthen the ruler and the realm.