Shloka 12

यथोक्तमेतद्‌ वचन प्रागेव मनुना पुरा । यन्मयोक्तं मनुष्येन्द्र ब्रह्मणो वचन महत्‌,नरेन्द्र! उपर्युक्त सारी बातें मनुजीने पहले ही कह दी हैं और मैंने जो बात कही है, वह ब्रह्माजीका महान्‌ वचन है। यही वचन मनुजीके द्वारा पहले कहा गया है; इसलिये इसको 'प्राग्वचन” के नामसे भी जानते हैं। इसमें व्यवहारका प्रतिपादन होनेसे यहाँ व्यवहार नाम दिया गया है

bhīṣma uvāca | yathoktam etad vacanaṃ prāg eva manunā purā | yan mayoktaṃ manuṣyendra brahmaṇo vacanaṃ mahat ||

Bhīṣma sprach: «Gerade diese Aussage wurde schon vor langer Zeit von Manu ausgesprochen. O Bester der Menschen, was ich verkündet habe, ist das große Wort Brahmās. Weil Manu es bereits zuvor verkündet hatte, ist es auch als die “frühere Äußerung” (prāg-vacana) bekannt. Und da es die Grundsätze praktischen Handelns und der rechtlichen Entscheidung (vyavahāra) darlegt, wird es hier “Vyavahāra” genannt.»

यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
उक्तम्said, spoken
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त, Neuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वचनम्speech, statement, word
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्राक्formerly, earlier
प्राक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राक्
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मनुनाby Manu
मनुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पुराformerly, in olden times
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
यत्which, that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
उक्तम्said, spoken
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मनुष्येन्द्रO lord of men
मनुष्येन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्येन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्रह्मणःof Brahmā / of Brahman
ब्रह्मणः:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वचनम्speech, statement, word
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Manu
B
Brahmā
M
Manuṣyendra (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma grounds his instruction in recognized authority: the same rule was taught earlier by Manu and ultimately reflects Brahmā’s great pronouncement. Because it guides practical dealings and adjudication, it is classified under vyavahāra—dharma as applied to real-world conduct and legal order.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Bhishma continues advising the king (Yudhiṣṭhira). Here he clarifies that his present teaching is not novel: it is an ancient doctrine already stated by Manu and traceable to Brahmā, thereby reinforcing its legitimacy for governance and social/legal practice.