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Shloka 41

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

क्षयं वृद्धि पालन संचयं वा बुद्ध्वाप्युभी संहतौ सर्वकामौ । ततकश्चान्यन्मतिमान्‌ संदधीत तस्माद्‌ राजा बुद्धिमत्तां श्रयेत,हानि, लाभ, रक्षा और संग्रहको जानकर तथा सदा परस्पर सम्बन्धित ऐश्वर्य और भोगको भी भलीभाँति समझकर बुद्धिमान्‌ राजाको शत्रुके साथ संधि या विग्रह करना चाहिये; इस विषयपर विचार करनेके लिये बुद्धिमानोंका सहारा लेना चाहिये

kṣayaṁ vṛddhiṁ pālana-saṁcayaṁ vā buddhvāpy ubhī saṁhatau sarva-kāmau | tataḥ kaś cānyan matimān sandadhīta tasmād rājā buddhimattāṁ śrayeta ||

Bhīṣma sprach: Hat ein König Verlust und Gewinn, Schutz und Ansammlung erkannt — und zugleich begriffen, wie Macht und Genuss stets verflochten und wechselseitig abhängig sind —, so soll der Weise entscheiden, wie er gegenüber einem Feind verfährt: durch Bündnis oder durch Feindschaft. Darum soll der Herrscher bei solcher Beratung Zuflucht zum Rat der Weisen nehmen.

क्षयम्loss, decline
क्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृद्धिम्increase, growth
वृद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पालनम्protection, maintenance
पालनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपालन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सञ्चयम्accumulation, storing
सञ्चयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसञ्चय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
बुद्ध्वाhaving understood
बुद्ध्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उभीboth
उभी:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Dual
संहतौjoined together, connected
संहतौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंहत
FormFeminine, Accusative, Dual
सर्वकामौall desired objects/ends (twofold set)
सर्वकामौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
ततःthereafter, then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्anything else
अन्यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मतिमान्intelligent, wise
मतिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमतिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संदधीतshould arrange/decide, should make (a policy)
संदधीत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + धा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिमत्ताम्wisdom, intelligence
बुद्धिमत्ताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धिमत्ता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
श्रयेतshould resort to, should take refuge in
श्रयेत:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रि
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (the king)
Ś
śatru (enemy)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must weigh loss and gain, security and accumulation, and the interdependence of power and enjoyment; only after such assessment should he choose peace (alliance) or conflict with an enemy, relying on wise counsel.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on practical governance: strategic decisions about treaty or hostility should be made after careful evaluation and consultation with the wise.