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Shloka 2

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

तदेव विस्तरेणोक्तं पूर्वदृष्टं सतां मतम्‌ प्रणेयं राजधर्माणां प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ,भरतश्रेष्ठ) आपने पूर्वपुरुषोंद्वारा आचरित तथा सज्जनसम्मत जिन श्रेष्ठ राजधर्मोंका विस्तारपूर्वक वर्णन किया है, उन्हींको इस प्रकार संक्षिप्त करके बताइये, जिससे उनका विशेषरूपसे पालन हो सके

tad eva vistareṇoktaṃ pūrvadṛṣṭaṃ satāṃ matam | praṇeyaṃ rājadharmāṇāṃ prabrūhi bharatarṣabha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „O Stier unter den Bhāratas, du hast jene vortrefflichen Pflichten des Königtums—von den Alten geübt und von den Weisen gebilligt—bereits ausführlich dargelegt. Sage mir nun dasselbe in knapper, praktisch anwendbarer Form, damit man ihnen mit größerer Genauigkeit und Wirksamkeit folgen kann.“

तत्that (same thing)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विस्तरेणin detail/with elaboration
विस्तरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविस्तर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उक्तम्said/declared
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त, Passive (PPP), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वदृष्टम्seen/observed earlier; traditional
पूर्वदृष्टम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्वदृष्ट
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सताम्of the good/virtuous
सताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मतम्opinion/view
मतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रणेयम्to be led/propounded; to be set forth
प्रणेयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नी
Formयत् (gerundive), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
राजधर्माणाम्of the duties of kings (royal duties)
राजधर्माणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्रब्रूहिtell/declare
प्रब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-ब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bharatarṣabha (honorific addressee, typically Bhīṣma in this context)
B
Bharatas (dynastic lineage)

Educational Q&A

Royal dharma should be both authoritative (grounded in ancient precedent and the approval of the wise) and practicable; therefore, detailed doctrine must be distilled into a concise form that can be implemented effectively.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on governance, Yudhiṣṭhira requests the teacher (addressed as “Bharatarṣabha”) to restate the already-elaborated kingly duties in a brief, actionable summary for easier observance.