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Shloka 19

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

परं विश्वासयेत्‌ साम्ना स्वशक्तिं चोपलक्षयेत्‌ । आत्मन: परिमर्शेन बुद्धि बुद्धया विचारयेत्‌,राजा मधुर वाणीद्वारा समझा-बुझाकर अपने प्रति दूसरेका विश्वास उत्पन्न करे। अपनी शक्तिका भी प्रदर्शन करे तथा अपने विचार और बुद्धिसे कर्तव्यका निश्चय करे

paraṁ viśvāsayet sāmnā svaśaktiṁ copalakṣayet | ātmanaḥ parimarśena buddhiṁ buddhyā vicārayet ||

Bhishma sprach: „Ein König soll zuerst durch sanfte Beschwichtigung das Vertrauen der Menschen gewinnen. Er soll auch seine eigene Stärke sichtbar machen und dann—durch Selbstprüfung—mit klarem Verstand erwägen und bestimmen, was zu tun ist. So leiten Überzeugung, glaubwürdige Macht und bedachtes Urteil gemeinsam eine Herrschaft im Einklang mit dem Dharma.“

परम्the other (person)
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम् (पर-)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विश्वासयेत्should cause (him) to trust / should win confidence
विश्वासयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविश्वासय् (causative of √विश् + वि-; denom. from विश्वास)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
साम्नाby conciliation / by gentle means
साम्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्वशक्तिम्one's own power
स्वशक्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वशक्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपलक्षयेत्should indicate / should make known
उपलक्षयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउपलक्षय् (causative/denom. from उपलक्षण; from √लक्ष् with उप-)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
परिमर्शेनby reflection / by deliberation
परिमर्शेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिमर्श
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
बुद्धिम्understanding / judgment
बुद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
बुद्ध्याby intellect
बुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
विचारयेत्should consider / should deliberate
विचारयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविचारय् (denom./causative from विचार; from √चर with वि-)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should lead by a balanced method: win trust through gentle persuasion (sāman), maintain credibility by demonstrating strength, and finally decide action through careful self-reflection and rational deliberation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma advises the king on practical statecraft: how to approach others, establish confidence, signal capability, and then choose the proper course through thoughtful judgment.