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Shloka 13

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

न संनिपात: कर्तव्य: सामान्ये विजये सति । विश्वास्यैवोपसन्नार्थों वशे कृत्वा रिपु: प्रभो,प्रभो! जब युद्धमें विजय एक सामान्य वस्तु है (किसीको भी वह मिल सकती है), तब उसके लिये पहले ही युद्ध नहीं करना चाहिये, अपितु शत्रुको अच्छी तरह विश्वास दिलाकर वशमें कर लेनेके पश्चात्‌ अवसर देखकर उसके सारे मनसूबेको नष्ट कर देना चाहिये

bhīṣma uvāca | na sannipātaḥ kartavyaḥ sāmānye vijaye sati | viśvāsyaivopasannārtho vaśe kṛtvā ripuḥ prabho ||

Bhishma sprach: „Wenn der Sieg in der Schlacht etwas Gewöhnliches und Ungewisses ist—etwas, das jedem zufallen kann—sollte man nicht um seinetwillen hastig in den offenen Zusammenstoß stürzen. Vielmehr, o Herr, nachdem man zuerst das Vertrauen des Feindes gewonnen und ihn unter Kontrolle gebracht hat, soll man im rechten Augenblick all seine Pläne vernichten.“

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संनिपातःbattle/armed encounter; coming together (of armies)
संनिपातः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिपात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्तव्यःto be done; should be undertaken
कर्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य (कृ + तव्यत्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सामान्येin (something) common/ordinary
सामान्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसामान्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
विजयेin victory
विजये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सतिwhen (it) exists; being (present)
सति:
TypeAdjective
Rootसत् (अस् + शतृ)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विश्वास्यto be made trusting; to be won over (by trust)
विश्वास्य:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्वास्य (वि-√श्वस्/√विश्वस् + ण्यत्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
उपसन्नार्थःone whose aim is to approach/seek (an opportunity); having approached with a purpose
उपसन्नार्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपसन्नार्थ (उपसन्न + अर्थ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वशेin control; under power
वशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving made; having brought (into)
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
रिपुःenemy
रिपुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemy (ripu)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma advises that since battlefield victory is not guaranteed and can go to anyone, a ruler should avoid needless direct confrontation and instead use statecraft—winning the opponent’s trust, gaining leverage, and then neutralizing the opponent’s plans at an opportune time.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs the king on governance and political conduct. Here he presents a counsel of rāja-nīti: do not seek a head-on battle when outcomes are uncertain; prefer controlled, calculated measures to subdue an enemy and thwart his intentions.