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Shloka 22

Jaitrya-nimitta: Signs of Prospective Victory and the Priority of Conciliation (जयलक्षण-निमित्त तथा सान्त्व-प्रधान नीति)

संनिपातो न मन्तव्य: शक्‍्ये सति कथंचन । सान्त्वभेदप्रदानानां युद्धमुत्तरमुच्यते,जबतक किसी तरह सन्धि हो सकती हो, तबतक युद्धको स्वीकार नहीं करना चाहिये। पहले सामनीतिसे समझावे। इससे काम न चले तो भेदनीतिके अनुसार शत्रुओंमें फूट डाले। इसमें भी सफलता न मिले तो दाननीतिका प्रयोग करे--धन देकर शत्रुके सहायकोंको वशमें करनेकी चेष्टा करे। इन तीनों उपायोंके सफल न होनेपर अन्तमें युद्धका आश्रय लेना उचित बताया गया है

sannipāto na mantavyaḥ śakye sati kathaṃcana | sāntvabhedapradānānāṃ yuddham uttaram ucyate ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „Solange irgendeine Einigung noch möglich ist, soll man niemals die offene Konfrontation wählen. Unter den Mitteln der Beschwichtigung, der Zwietrachtstiftung und der Gewährung von Anreizen gilt der Krieg als das letzte Mittel.“

संनिपातःbattle/armed clash
संनिपातः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिपात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मन्तव्यःto be considered/accepted (ought not be)
मन्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्तव्य (√मन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शक्येwhen possible
शक्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य (√शक्)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सतिbeing (present); in the case of
सति:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसत् (√अस्)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कथंचनin any way; somehow
कथंचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचन
सान्त्वconciliation/persuasion
सान्त्व:
TypeNoun
Rootसान्त्व
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
भेदdivision/dissension
भेद:
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्रदानानाम्of gifts/granting (bribery)
प्रदानानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
युद्धम्war
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उत्तरम्later; subsequent; last
उत्तरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Root√वच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

War is ethically permissible only as a final option. A ruler should first attempt sāntva (conciliation), then bheda (strategic division of hostile forces), then pradāna (inducements), and only when these fail should yuddha (war) be undertaken.

In the Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on rājadharma (the duties of kings). Here he outlines a graded policy for handling enemies: prioritize peace-making and political measures, and treat battle as the last step.