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Shloka 21

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

अकर्दमामनुदकाममर्यादामलोष्टकाम्‌ | अश्वभूमिं प्रशंसन्ति ये युद्धकुशला जना:,घुड़सवार सेनाके लिये युद्धकुशल पुरुष उसी भूमिकी प्रशंसा करते हैं, जिसमें कीचड़, पानी, बाँध और ढेले न हों

akardamām anudakām amaryādām aloṣṭakām | aśvabhūmiṁ praśaṁsanti ye yuddhakuśalā janāḥ ||

Bhishma sagte: Kriegskundige Männer—besonders im Kampf der Reiterei—preisen als bestes Schlachtfeld einen Boden, der frei ist von Schlamm und stehendem Wasser, ohne hindernde Dämme oder zerbrochene Grenzlinien als Hemmnis, und ohne Erdklumpen oder Steine.

अकर्दमाम्free from mud
अकर्दमाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअकर्दमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अनुदकाम्without water
अनुदकाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुदका
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अमर्यादाम्without embankments/bounds
अमर्यादाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअमर्यादा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अलोष्टकाम्without clods/lumps (of earth)
अलोष्टकाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअलोष्टका
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अश्वभूमिम्horse-ground; ground suitable for horses
अश्वभूमिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वभूमि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
युद्धकुशलाःskilled in battle
युद्धकुशलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्धकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople/men
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
C
cavalry/horsemen
B
battlefield terrain (aśvabhūmi)

Educational Q&A

Competence in action (including warfare) requires attention to conditions: good terrain—dry, even, unobstructed—reduces chaos and unnecessary loss. The verse highlights disciplined, responsible planning rather than reckless valor.

In Bhishma’s instruction in the Shanti Parva, he describes practical criteria valued by experienced warriors. Here he notes what kind of ground cavalry and battle-experts consider ideal for fighting.