Shloka 38

Devanagari script

दृष्टवा च पाण्डवान्‌ सर्वान्‌ कुछ्जरै: परिवारितान्‌ | धृष्टद्युम्नो महाराज सहसा समुपाद्रवत्‌

Transliteration

dṛṣṭvā ca pāṇḍavān sarvān kuñjaraiḥ parivāritān | dhṛṣṭadyumno mahārāja sahasā samupādravat ||

Translation

Sañjaya sprach: Als er alle Pāṇḍavas von Elefanten umringt sah, stürmte Dhṛṣṭadyumna, o König, unverzüglich voran.

Word by Word

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पाण्डवान्: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सर्वान्: all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• कुञ्जरैः: by elephants
• कुञ्जरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुञ्जर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• परिवारितान्: surrounded
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि + वृ (वृञ् आवरणे)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सहसा: suddenly, at once
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा

• समुपाद्रवत्: rushed/ran up (towards)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + उप + आ + द्रु (द्रु गतौ)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍavas
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• elephants (kuñjara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in practice: when one’s allies are threatened and the battle situation turns urgent, a leader must respond decisively and protect the righteous cause through prompt, courageous action.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Dhṛṣṭadyumna, seeing the Pāṇḍavas encircled by elephants, immediately charges forward—signaling a rapid counter-move amid the intense fighting of the Śalya Parva.