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Shloka 12

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

ते दृष्टवा धर्मराजानं कौरवेयैस्तथा कृतम्‌ । नामृष्यन्त सुसंरब्धा: शिखण्डिप्रमुखा रथा:

te dṛṣṭvā dharmarājānaṃ kauraveyais tathā kṛtam | nāmṛṣyanta susaṃrabdhāḥ śikhaṇḍipramukhā rathāḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Als sie sahen, wie Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira—der Wahrer des Dharma—von den Söhnen der Kuru in eine solche Bedrängnis gebracht wurde, konnten die von Śikhaṇḍin angeführten Wagenkämpfer, von wilder Wut entflammt, es nicht ertragen.

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
धर्मराजानम्Dharmaraja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
धर्मराजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मराज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कौरवेयैःby the Kauravas' men / by the sons of Kuru
कौरवेयैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकौरवेय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
कृतम्done, made (so)
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अमृष्यन्तthey could not endure / they did not tolerate
अमृष्यन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootमृष्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
सुसंरब्धाःhighly enraged, greatly agitated
सुसंरब्धाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-संरब्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिखण्डि-प्रमुखाःwith Śikhaṇḍin as foremost
शिखण्डि-प्रमुखाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशिखण्डि-प्रमुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथाःchariot-warriors (rathins)
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
K
Kauravas (Kauraveyas)
Ś
Śikhaṇḍin
R
rathas (chariot-warriors)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights moral outrage in the face of injustice: when the righteous are wronged, allies who value dharma feel compelled to respond. It frames anger not as mere passion but as a reaction to adharma, urging protection of the virtuous and resistance to wrongdoing.

Sañjaya reports that the Pāṇḍava-side chariot-warriors, led by Śikhaṇḍin, see Yudhiṣṭhira reduced to a humiliating or grievous condition by the Kauravas. Enraged, they cannot tolerate it and are stirred toward action.