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Shloka 16

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Duryodhana Saṃvāda on Restraint and Rājānīti

Chapter 50

नित्यमाज्ञापयन्‌ भासि दिवि देवेश्वरो यथा । तस्य ते विदितप्रज्ञ शोकमूलमिदं कथम्‌ | समुत्थितं दुःखकरं यन्मे शंसितुमरहसि,'स्वर्गमें देवराज इन्द्रकी भाँति तुम इस लोकमें सदा सबपर शासन करते हुए शोभा पाते हो। तुम्हारी उत्तम बुद्धि प्रसिद्ध है। फिर तुम्हें शोककी कारणभूत यह दुःखदायिनी चिन्ता कैसे प्राप्त हुई है? यह मुझसे बताओ”

nityam ājñāpayann bhāsi divi deveśvaro yathā | tasya te viditaprajña śokamūlam idaṃ katham | samutthitaṃ duḥkhakaraṃ yan me śaṃsitum arhasi ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana sprach: „Hier strahlst du, unablässig Befehle erteilend, wie der Herr der Götter im Himmel. Deine Urteilskraft ist weithin bekannt. Wie also ist in dir diese aus Kummer wurzelnde, Schmerz bringende Sorge entstanden? Sage es mir, denn du sollst es mir erklären.“

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
आज्ञापयन्commanding, ordering
आज्ञापयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआज्ञा + √पि (आज्ञापयति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
भासिyou shine/appear
भासि:
TypeVerb
Root√भा (भाति)
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, लट्
दिविin heaven
दिवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
देवेश्वरःthe lord of the gods (Indra)
देवेश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव + ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas, like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
तस्यof that/thereof
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
विदितप्रज्ञO one of known wisdom
विदितप्रज्ञ:
TypeAdjective
Rootविदित + प्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शोकमूलम्having sorrow as its root/cause
शोकमूलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशोक + मूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
समुत्थितम्arisen, sprung up
समुत्थितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + उत् + √स्था (समुत्तिष्ठति)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
दुःखकरम्causing pain/sorrow
दुःखकरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख + कर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मेto me / for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular
शंसितुम्to tell, to relate
शंसितुम्:
TypeVerb
Root√शंस् (शंसति)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अरहसिyou are worthy/you ought
अरहसि:
TypeVerb
Root√अर्ह् (अर्हति)
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, लट्

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
I
Indra (deveśvara)

Educational Q&A

Even those who appear powerful and authoritative may be inwardly troubled; the verse frames ethical inquiry as the proper response—asking for the root-cause of sorrow rather than judging appearances.

Vaiśaṃpāyana describes a ruler-like figure who shines while commanding others, likened to Indra, and then asks how such a renowned wise person has come to be afflicted by a grief-born, distressing anxiety, requesting an explanation.