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Shloka 643

हतो रथाग्रादपतत्‌ स रुग्ण: परश्वधै: शाल इवावकृत्त: | वह राजकुमार मस्तक, भुजा, घोड़े, सारथि, धनुष और ध्वजसे रहित हो मरकर रथके अग्रभागसे नीचे गिर पड़ा, मानो फरसोंसे काटा गया शालवृक्ष टूटकर धराशायी हो गया हो

hato rathāgrād apatat sa rugṇaḥ paraśvadhaiḥ śāla ivāvakṛttaḥ |

Sañjaya sprach: Erschlagen stürzte er vom Vorderteil seines Wagens—zerschmettert und hilflos—wie ein śāla-Baum, von Äxten durchhauen, der krachend zu Boden fällt.

हतःslain
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथाग्रात्from the front of the chariot
रथाग्रात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + अग्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अपतत्fell down
अपतत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रुग्णःbroken, shattered
रुग्णः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरुग्ण (विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परश्वधैःwith axes
परश्वधैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरश्वध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
शालःa śāla tree
शालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अवकृत्तःcut down
अवकृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव + कृद्/कृत् (धातु) → अवकृत्त (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
chariot (ratha)
A
axes (paraśvadha)
Ś
śāla tree (śāla-vṛkṣa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the impermanence of worldly power and martial glory: even a prince-like warrior, supported by chariot, weapons, and emblems, can be felled instantly. The ethical undertone is a sober reminder of karma and the fragility of embodied life amid violence.

Sañjaya reports that a warrior has been killed and falls from the front of his chariot. The fall is compared to a strong śāla tree cut down by axes, emphasizing the sudden, heavy collapse that follows a fatal blow.