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Shloka 4

कृष्णोपदेशः, अर्जुनस्य क्षमा-याचनम्, कर्णवध-अनुज्ञा

Krishna’s Counsel, Arjuna’s Apology, and Authorization for Karṇa’s Slaying

संजय उवाच विमुखं प्रेक्ष्य राधेयं सूतपुत्रं महाहवे । पुत्रस्तव महाराज सोदर्यान्‌ू समभाषत,संजयने कहा--महाराज! सूतपुत्र राधाकुमार कर्णको महासमरमें पराडमुख हुआ देख आपका पुत्र अपने भाइयोंसे बोला--

sañjaya uvāca

vimukhaṃ prekṣya rādheyaṃ sūtaputraṃ mahāhave |

putras tava mahārāja sodaryān samabhāṣata ||

Sañjaya sprach: „O großer König, als er Rādheya—Karna, den Sohn des Wagenlenkers—im großen Kampf abgewandt sah, wandte sich dein Sohn an seine eigenen Brüder.“ Dieser Augenblick zeichnet eine Krise von Mut und Führung: Wenn ein hervorragender Krieger den Anschein des Rückzugs erweckt, fällt die Last, Entschlossenheit und das rechte Ziel des Dharma zu wahren, auf die Befehlenden und auf jene, die an seiner Seite stehen.

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
विमुखम्turned away; facing away
विमुखम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविमुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रेक्ष्यhaving seen
प्रेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + ईक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
राधेयम्Radheya (Karna)
राधेयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराधेय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सूतपुत्रम्the charioteer’s son
सूतपुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूतपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महाहवेin the great battle
महाहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सोदर्यान्brothers (uterine brothers)
सोदर्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसोदर्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समभाषतspoke to; addressed
समभाषत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + भाष्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
R
Rādheya (Karna)
D
Duryodhana
K
Kaurava brothers

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in dharmic warfare, courage and steadiness are not merely personal virtues but communal responsibilities: when a key warrior falters or withdraws, leaders must respond wisely to preserve order, purpose, and the ethical frame of duty amid chaos.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Karna (Rādheya), described as the sūta’s son, appears to have turned away in the battle. Seeing this, Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son (Duryodhana) speaks to his brothers, likely to rally, instruct, or react to the perceived setback.