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Shloka 10

कर्णपर्व — अध्याय ४०

Karṇa’s Pressure on the Pāñcālas; Duryodhana Disabled; Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

अतत्त्वां कथये कर्ण निदर्शनमिदं पुनः । सम और विषम अवस्था

sañjaya uvāca |

avaśyaṃ kathaye karṇa nidarśanam idaṃ punaḥ |

sama-viṣamāvasthā, rathinaḥ prabalatā ca nirbalatā ca, rathena saha hayānāṃ satata-pariśramaḥ kleśaś ca, astrāṇi santi na vā—iti jñānam, jaya-parājaya-sūcanāṃ paśu-pakṣi-bhāṣā, bhāraḥ atibhāraś ca, śalya-cikitsā, astraprayogaḥ, yuddhaṃ ca śubhāśubha-nimittāni—etāḥ sarvāḥ kathāḥ jñātum mama āvaśyakam; yato 'haṃ asya rathasya ekaḥ kuṭumbī |

karṇa! tasmāt punaḥ tvāṃ prati asya dṛṣṭāntasya varṇanaṃ karomi ||

vaiśyaḥ kila samudrānte prabhūta-dhana-dhānyavān rājño dharma-pradhānasya rāṣṭre vasati nirbhayaḥ |

sa yajña-yāgādi-kartā dānapatiḥ kṣamāśīlaḥ sva-varṇānukūla-karmaṇi tatparaḥ pavitraḥ bahu-putravān santāna-premī sarva-prāṇi-dayāvān ca |

Sañjaya sprach: „Karna, ich will dieses Gleichnis abermals erzählen. Für mich, der ich zum Hausstand dieses Wagens gehöre, ist es notwendig, alles zu wissen, was im Krieg Sieg oder Niederlage anzeigt: ob die Lage eben oder uneben ist, die Stärke oder Schwäche des Kriegers, die unablässige Mühsal und Qual der Pferde neben dem Wagen, ob Waffen vorhanden sind oder nicht, die Rufe von Tieren und Vögeln, die Sieg oder Untergang verkünden, die angemessene Last und die Überlast, die Behandlung von Wunden, der Gebrauch der Waffen, die Führung der Schlacht sowie günstige und ungünstige Vorzeichen. Darum, Karna, beschreibe ich dir dieses Beispiel noch einmal. „So heißt es, dass an der Meeresküste im Reich eines dharma-gesinnten Königs ein Kaufmann aus dem Stand der Vaiśyas lebte, reich an Geld und Korn und ohne Furcht. Er vollzog Opfer und Riten, war freigebig im Geben, geduldig und nachsichtig, eifrig in den Pflichten seines Standes, rein im Wandel, mit vielen Söhnen gesegnet, seinen Kindern zugetan und voll Mitgefühl für alle Lebewesen.“

वैश्यःa merchant (Vaishya)
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किलindeed / it is said
किल:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिल
समुद्रान्तेat the sea-shore (at the end/edge of the sea)
समुद्रान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्रान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रभूतधनधान्यवान्possessing abundant wealth and grain
प्रभूतधनधान्यवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभूतधनधान्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धर्मप्रधानस्यwhose chief concern is dharma / dharma-preeminent
धर्मप्रधानस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मप्रधान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
राष्ट्रेin the kingdom
राष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वसतिdwells / lives
वसति:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
निर्भयःfearless / without fear
निर्भयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्भय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karna
R
ratha (chariot)
R
rathin (chariot-warrior)
H
haya (horses)
A
astra (weapons)
P
paśu-pakṣi (animals and birds)
V
vaiśya (merchant)
S
samudrānta (seashore)
R
rājā (a dharma-centered king)
R
rāṣṭra (kingdom)

Educational Q&A

Competence in war is not only bravery but also informed judgment: understanding terrain and conditions, the state of the warrior and horses, availability of weapons, medical care, and the reading of auspicious/inauspicious signs. Alongside this practical wisdom, the narrative introduces an ethical model—a prosperous Vaiśya whose life is marked by ritual duty, generosity, patience, purity, and compassion—suggesting that dharma and disciplined conduct underpin stability and success.

Sañjaya addresses Karna and says he will repeat an instructive example. He explains why he must know many battlefield indicators and practical arts, since he is part of the chariot’s retinue. Then he begins the example by describing a wealthy, virtuous Vaiśya living safely on the seashore in the realm of a dharma-oriented king, setting the stage for a moral-illustrative story.