Previous Verse

Shloka 45

Adhyāya 36: Ghora-yuddha-varṇanam

A Clinical Description of the Intensified Engagement

ततः प्रायात्‌ प्रीतिमान्‌ वै रथेन वैयाप्रेण श्वेतयुजाथ कर्ण: । स चालोक्य ध्वजिनीं पाण्डवानां धनंजयं त्वरया पर्यपृच्छत्‌,तदनन्तर व्याप्रचर्मसे आच्छादित और श्वेत अश्वोंसे युक्त उस रथके द्वारा कर्ण बड़ी प्रसन्नताके साथ प्रस्थित हुआ। उसने सामने ही पाण्डवोंकी सेनाको खड़ी देख बड़ी उतावलीके साथ धनंजयका पता पूछा

tataḥ prāyāt prītimān vai rathena vaiyāpreṇa śvetayujātha karṇaḥ | sa cālokya dhvajinīṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ dhanañjayaṃ tvarayā paryapṛcchat ||

Sañjaya sprach: Dann brach Karṇa, von Zuversicht und Freude erfüllt, auf seinem Wagen auf—rasch in der Fahrt und von weißen Pferden gezogen. Als er die Schlachtordnung der Pāṇḍavas vor sich stehen sah, fragte er hastig nach Dhanañjaya (Arjuna).

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
प्रायात्departed, set out
प्रायात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
FormAorist (luṅ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
प्रीतिमान्joyful, pleased
प्रीतिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रीतिमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (निपात)
FormAvyaya
रथेनby/with the chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, instrumental, singular
वैयाप्रेणswift, impetuous (as an epithet, likely of the chariot/driver)
वैयाप्रेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootवैयाप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, instrumental, singular
श्वेतयुजाyoked with white (horses)
श्वेतयुजा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेत-युज् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, instrumental, singular
अथthen, and then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
कर्णःKarna
कर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
आलोक्यhaving seen
आलोक्य:
TypeVerb
Rootलोक् (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable
ध्वजिनीम्army, host
ध्वजिनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वजिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, genitive, plural
धनंजयम्Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, accusative, singular
त्वरयाwith haste, quickly
त्वरया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootत्वरा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, instrumental, singular
पर्यपृच्छत्asked about, inquired
पर्यपृच्छत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ् (धातु)
FormImperfect (laṅ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karṇa
P
Pāṇḍavas
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
C
chariot
W
white horses
A
army (dhvajinī)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ideal of meeting one’s principal opponent directly, seeking honor through open confrontation. At the same time, it sits within the Mahābhārata’s ethical tension: personal valor and rivalry unfold inside a devastating civil war, where ‘duty’ and ‘desire for victory’ can blur.

Sañjaya narrates that Karṇa departs joyfully in a swift chariot drawn by white horses. On seeing the Pāṇḍava forces arrayed before him, he urgently asks where Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) is—signaling his intent to engage him in battle.