Shloka 51

समाप्तविद्य॑ तु गुरो: सुतं नृपः समाप्तकर्माणमुपेत्य ते सुतः । सुहृदवृतो त्यर्थमपूजयन्मुदा जिते बलौ विष्णुमिवामरेश्वर:,जिसने पूरी विद्या समाप्त कर ली है तथा समस्त कर्तव्यकर्म पूर्ण कर लिये हैं, उस गुरुपुत्र अश्वत्थामाके पास सुहृदोंसहित आकर आपके पुत्र दुर्योधनने प्रसन्नतापूर्वक उसकी बड़ी पूजा की। ठीक उसी तरह जैसे बलिके पराजित होनेपर देवराज इन्द्रने विष्णुका पूजन किया था

samāptavidyāṁ tu guroḥ sutaṁ nṛpaḥ samāptakarmāṇam upetya te sutaḥ | suhṛdāvṛto ’rtham apūjayan mudā jite balau viṣṇum ivāmareśvaraḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Als der Sohn des Lehrers seine Unterweisung vollendet und alle von ihm erwarteten Pflichten erfüllt hatte, trat dein Sohn Duryodhana, von Freunden begleitet, zu ihm und ehrte ihn freudig mit Gaben und ehrerbietiger Verehrung. Es war wie Indra, der Herr der Götter, der Viṣṇu verehrt, nachdem Bali bezwungen worden war—eine strategische Hingabe, dargebracht, um Kraft und Vorteil zu gewinnen.

समाप्तविद्यःhaving completed (his) learning
समाप्तविद्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाप्तविद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गुरोःof the teacher
गुरोः:
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सुतम्son
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाप्तकर्माणम्having completed (all) duties/acts
समाप्तकर्माणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाप्तकर्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपेत्यhaving approached
उपेत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
सुतःson
सुतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुहृदावृतःsurrounded by friends
सुहृदावृतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुहृद्-आवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदर्थम्for that purpose
तदर्थम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदर्थ
अपुजयत्honoured/worshipped
अपुजयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
मुदाwith joy
मुदा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुद्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
जितेwhen (the two) were conquered
जिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootजित
FormMasculine, Locative, Dual
बलौin/when Bali (was conquered)
बलौ:
Adhikarana
TypeProperNoun
Rootबलि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विष्णुम्Vishnu
विष्णुम्:
Karma
TypeProperNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अमर-ईश्वरःlord of the immortals (Indra)
अमर-ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमरईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana
D
Droṇa
A
Aśvatthāmā
I
Indra (Amareśvara)
V
Viṣṇu
B
Bali

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how honoring a powerful ally—especially one who has fulfilled his training and duties—can be both respectful and strategic. It also suggests an ethical tension: acts resembling devotion (pūjā) may be motivated by political advantage (artha), reminding readers to examine intention behind reverence.

After Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa’s son) has completed his learning and obligations, Duryodhana approaches him with companions and honors him with gifts and respect, seeking to secure his support. The comparison to Indra worshipping Viṣṇu after Bali’s defeat underscores the political-religious symbolism of seeking strength through reverence.