Shloka 42

दृष्टवा दुर्योधन कृष्णो व्यतिक्रान्तं सहानुगम्‌ । अब्रवीदर्जुनं राजन्‌ प्राप्तकालमिदं वच:,राजन! सेवकोंसहित दुर्योधन सबको लाँधचकर सामने आ गया--यह देखकर श्रीकृष्णने अर्जुनसे यह समयोचित बात कही

dṛṣṭvā duryodhanaṃ kṛṣṇo vyatikrāntaṃ sahānugam | abravīd arjunaṃ rājan prāptakālam idaṃ vacaḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Als Kṛṣṇa sah, dass Duryodhana mitsamt seinen Gefolgsleuten die Grenze überschritten und sich nach vorn gedrängt hatte, wandte er sich, o König, mit zeitgemäßen Worten an Arjuna—als Zeichen, dass die Lage nun ein entschlossenes Handeln gemäß der Pflicht im Druck des Krieges verlangte.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
दुर्योधनम्Duryodhana
दुर्योधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृष्णःKrishna
कृष्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यतिक्रान्तम्having crossed/overstepped (come beyond)
व्यतिक्रान्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootव्यति-क्रम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अनुगम्followers/retinue
अनुगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनुग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अर्जुनम्to Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्राप्तकालम्timely/appropriate to the occasion
प्राप्तकालम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्त-काल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचःspeech/words
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
K
Kṛṣṇa
A
Arjuna
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights situational dharma: when an adversary oversteps and the crisis ripens, wise counsel must be timely and action must be decisive, not delayed by hesitation.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana, accompanied by his men, has advanced beyond the usual bounds; seeing this, Kṛṣṇa turns to Arjuna and speaks an immediately relevant instruction.