Shloka 20

परिवार्य ततो भीम॑ जेतुकामो जयद्रथ: । रथैरनेकसाहसैर्भीमस्थावारयद्‌ दिश:,तत्पश्चात्‌ जयद्रथने भीमसेनको जीतनेकी इच्छा रखकर कई हजार रथोंके द्वारा उन्हें घेर लिया और उनकी सम्पूर्ण दिशाओंको अवरुद्ध कर दिया

parivārya tato bhīmaṁ jetukāmo jayadrathaḥ | rathair aneka-sāhasair bhīmasthām avārayad diśaḥ ||

Sañjaya sprach: Da umzingelte Jayadratha, entschlossen, Bhīma zu bezwingen, ihn und ließ mit vielen Tausenden von Streitwagen alle Richtungen um Bhīmas Stellung sperren—er suchte den Sieg durch Einschließung und überwältigende Macht, nicht durch eine einzige faire Begegnung.

परिवार्यhaving surrounded/encircled
परिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृ (वारयति/वृणोति)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-प्रयोगार्थ (क्रियाविशेषण)
ततःthen/from there
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
भीमम्Bhima
भीमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जेतुकामःdesiring to conquer
जेतुकामः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजेतुकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जयद्रथःJayadratha
जयद्रथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजयद्रथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथैःwith chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अनेकसाहसैःby many thousands (in number)
अनेकसाहसैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनेकसाहस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
भीमम्Bhima
भीमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्थावरयत्checked/blocked/held back
स्थावरयत्:
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (स्थापयति/स्थावरयति caus.)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दिशःdirections
दिशः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
J
Jayadratha
C
chariots (ratha)
D
directions/quarters (diśaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring ethical tension in the Mahābhārata: victory sought through sheer numerical pressure and encirclement can be effective militarily, yet it raises questions about kṣatriya ideals of fair combat and honorable engagement. It contrasts strategic success with the moral scrutiny applied to methods used in war.

Sañjaya reports that Jayadratha, determined to defeat Bhīma, deploys thousands of chariots to surround Bhīma and block all directions, attempting to immobilize and overwhelm him through a coordinated encirclement.