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Shloka 4

Bhīmasena’s Kalinga Engagement and the Approach of Bhīṣma (भीमसेन-कालिङ्ग-संग्रामः)

रथानीकं नरव्याप्रा: केचिदभ्यपतन्‌ रथै: । अभज्यन्त युगैरेव युगानि भरतर्षभ,कुछ नरश्रेष्ठ वीर अपने रथोंद्वारा शत्रुपक्षकी रथ-सेनापर टूट पड़े। भरतश्रेष्ठ! कितने ही रथोंके जूए विपक्षी रथोंके जूओंसे ही टकराकर टूट गये

rathānīkaṃ naravyāprāḥ kecid abhyapatan rathaiḥ | abhajyanta yugair eva yugāni bharatarṣabha ||

Sañjaya sprach: Einige Helden, ganz auf den Kampf bedacht, stürmten mit ihren Streitwagen geradewegs in die feindliche Wagenformation. O Stier unter den Bharatas, viele Joche zersplitterten, als Joch auf Joch prallte—ein Bild der Wut des Nahkampfs, in dem Können und Mut auf die harte, unpersönliche Mechanik des Krieges treffen.

रथानीकम्the chariot-division (chariot-army)
रथानीकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + अनीक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नरव्याप्राःtigers among men (heroic men)
नरव्याप्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर + व्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केचित्some
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक: केचिद्-)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अभ्यपतन्rushed upon / attacked
अभ्यपतन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
रथैःwith chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अभज्यन्तwere broken
अभज्यन्त:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootभञ्ज्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Ātmanepada (passive sense), 3rd, Plural
युगैःby yokes
युगैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
युगानिyokes
युगानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address: bharatarṣabha)
R
ratha (chariot)
R
rathānīka (chariot-formation)
Y
yuga (chariot-yoke)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the epic’s realism about war: courage and martial intent drive men forward, yet outcomes are also shaped by material force and collision—highlighting the grave cost and uncontrollable momentum of armed conflict.

Sañjaya describes a surge of warriors charging into the opposing chariot ranks; the fighting is so close that chariot-yokes collide and break, conveying the intensity and congestion of the battlefield.