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Shloka 41

भीष्मविक्रमदर्शनं तथा क्रौञ्चारुणव्यूहविधानम् | Bhīṣma’s Ascendancy and the Organization of the Krauñcāruṇa Formation

भीष्मपर्वणि तु एकचत्वारिंशो5 ध्याय:

brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśāṁ śūdrāṇāṁ ca parantapa | karmāṇi pravibhaktāni svabhāva-prabhavair guṇaiḥ ||

Der erhabene Herr erklärt, dass gesellschaftliche Pflichten nicht willkürlich sind, sondern aus der angeborenen Veranlagung eines Menschen hervorgehen. Er spricht zu Arjuna: «O Bezwinger der Feinde, die Werke der Brahmanen, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas und Shudras sind gemäß den aus ihrer eigenen Natur geborenen Qualitäten zugeteilt.» Ethisch gefasst, stellt der Vers dharma als Verantwortung dar, die mit Charakter und Temperament übereinstimmt, und bereitet die Lehre vor, dass wahre Entsagung nicht darin besteht, rechtes Werk aufzugeben, sondern es ohne Anhaftung und in Hingabe zu vollbringen.

ब्राह्मणof Brahmins
ब्राह्मण:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
क्षत्रियof Kshatriyas
क्षत्रिय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विशाम्of Vaishyas
विशाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
शूद्राणाम्of Shudras
शूद्राणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परंतपO scorcher of foes (Arjuna)
परंतप:
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कर्माणिduties / actions
कर्माणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
प्रविभक्तानिare apportioned / are divided
प्रविभक्तानि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वि + √भज्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
स्वभावप्रभवैःby those born of (one's) nature
स्वभावप्रभवैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वभाव-प्रभव
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
गुणैःby qualities (gunas)
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
Brahmin (Brāhmaṇa)
K
Kshatriya (Kṣatriya)
V
Vaishya (Vaiśya/Viś)
S
Shudra (Śūdra)
G
Guṇas (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas)

Educational Q&A

Duties (karma) are differentiated according to the guṇas that arise from one’s svabhāva (innate nature). The verse grounds ethical obligation (svadharma) in temperament and qualities, setting up the later detail of what kinds of work suit each varna and why performing one’s own duty without attachment is superior to abandoning it.

In the concluding teaching of the Gītā within Bhīṣma Parva, Kṛṣṇa resumes the topic of tyāga and karma-yoga. After explaining renunciation and the guṇas, he now clarifies what ‘prescribed duties’ mean by stating that the works of the four varnas are distributed according to natural qualities, preparing Arjuna to accept his own warrior-duty as part of a disciplined spiritual path.