Shloka 1
भीष्मविक्रमदर्शनं तथा क्रौञ्चारुणव्यूहविधानम् | Bhīṣma’s Ascendancy and the Organization of the Krauñcāruṇa Formation
२)। अन्त:करणकी शुद्धिसे ही विचार
arjuna uvāca | saṃnyāsasya mahābāho tattvam icchāmi veditum | tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthak keśiniṣūdana ||
Arjuna sprach: „O du Mächtigarmiger! O Hṛṣīkeśa, Bezwinger Keśins! Ich wünsche klar zu erkennen, was das wahre Prinzip der Entsagung (saṃnyāsa) ist und ebenso das der Loslösung (tyāga), als voneinander unterschieden. In der sittlichen Spannung des Schlachtfeldes bitte ich um eine genaue Scheidung zwischen dem Aufgeben des Handelns und dem Aufgeben der Anhaftung an die Früchte des Handelns—auf der Suche nach einer Lebensregel, die das Dharma wahrt und die Absicht läutert.“
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames the central inquiry of the final chapter: how to distinguish saṃnyāsa (renunciation) from tyāga (relinquishment). It sets up Kṛṣṇa’s clarification that spiritual freedom is not merely abandoning action, but abandoning egoistic ownership and craving for results—so that duty can be performed in purity and alignment with dharma.
On the eve of battle, after hearing many paths and syntheses across earlier chapters, Arjuna seeks a definitive summary. He asks Kṛṣṇa to separate and define two closely related ideals—renunciation and relinquishment—so he can act without confusion, guilt, or attachment, and understand what true spiritual discipline requires amid worldly responsibility.