Shloka 22

Abhimanyu’s Assault on Bhīṣma’s Screen; Banner-Felling and Reinforcements (सौभद्र-भीष्म-समरः)

Devanagari script

अदेशकाले यद्‌ दानमपात्रेभ्यश्व दीयते । असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्‌ तामसमुदाह्ृतम्‌,जो दान बिना सत्कारके” अथवा तिरस्कारपूर्वक* अयोग्य देश-कालमें* और कुपात्रके* प्रति दिया जाता है, वह दान तामस कहा गया है

Transliteration

adeśa-kāle yad dānam apātrebhyaś ca dīyate | asat-kṛtam avajñātaṁ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||

Translation

Arjuna sprach: Die Gabe, die an einem unpassenden Ort und zur unpassenden Zeit und an Unwürdige gegeben wird—ohne Achtung und in Verachtung dargebracht—wird als tamasisch (tāmasika) bezeichnet.

Word by Word

• अदेशकाले: in an improper place/time
• अदेशकाले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदेशकाल
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• यत्: which
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दानम्: gift; charity
• दानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अपात्रेभ्यः: to unworthy recipients
• अपात्रेभ्यः: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपात्र
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दीयते: is given
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (दाने)
• Form: Present, Passive, Third, Singular

• असत्कृतम्: without honor; not respectfully done
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असत्कृत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अवज्ञातम्: with contempt; disregarded
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवज्ञात
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तामसम्: tamasic
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तामस
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• उदाहृतम्: is said/called
• Type: Verb
• Root: उदाहृत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Perfect (periphrastic sense via past passive participle), Passive (PPP)

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna