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Shloka 18

Abhimanyu’s Assault on Bhīṣma’s Screen; Banner-Felling and Reinforcements (सौभद्र-भीष्म-समरः)

१७ ।। सम्बन्ध-- अब राजय तपके लक्षण बतलाये जाते हैं-- सत्कारमानपूजार्थ तपो दम्भेनः चैव यत्‌ । क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्ते राजसं चलमपश्चुवम्‌र,जो तप सत्कार, मान और पूजाके लिये तथा अन्य किसी स्वार्थके लिये भी३ स्वभावसे या पाखण्डसे किया जाता है, वह अनिश्चित एवं क्षणिक फलवाला तप यहाँ राजस कहा गया है

satkāra-māna-pūjārthaṁ tapo dambhena caiva yat | kriyate tad iha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calam adhruvam ||

Arjuna sprach: Die Entsagung, die um öffentlicher Ehren, persönlichen Ansehens und Verehrung willen—und in Heuchelei—vollzogen wird, heißt hier rājasa. Solche Übung ist unstet und bringt vergängliche Früchte. Ethisch warnt sie: Geistige Disziplin verliert ihre reinigende Kraft, wenn sie vom Ego und von sozialer Schaustellung getrieben ist statt von Aufrichtigkeit und innerer Selbstzucht.

सत्कारमानपूजार्थम्for the sake of honor, respect, and worship
सत्कारमानपूजार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्कार-मान-पूजा-अर्थ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दम्भेनwith hypocrisy/ostentation
दम्भेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
यत्which (austerity)
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्रियतेis done/performed
क्रियते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive sense)
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इहhere (in this teaching/context)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
प्रोक्तम्is said/declared
प्रोक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
राजसम्rajasic (of rajas)
राजसम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराजस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चलम्unstable/variable
चलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootचल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अध्रुवम्non-permanent/uncertain
अध्रुवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअध्रुव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna

Educational Q&A

Austerity becomes rājasa when it is motivated by ego—seeking honor, prestige, and worship—and is performed with hypocrisy. Because its motive is external recognition rather than inner purification, its fruits are unstable and impermanent.

Within the Bhīṣma Parva’s doctrinal discourse, the speaker classifies types of tapas according to the guṇas. This verse specifically defines rājasa austerity by its social-display motive (satkāra, māna, pūjā) and by the presence of dambha (pretence).