Shloka 13
Abhimanyu’s Assault on Bhīṣma’s Screen; Banner-Felling and Reinforcements (सौभद्र-भीष्म-समरः)
विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं5 मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम्ः | श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञ तामसं परिचक्षते,शास्त्रविधिसे हीन, अन्नदानसे रहित, बिना मन्त्रोंके, बिना दक्षिणाके और बिना श्रद्धाके किये जानेवाले यज्ञको तामस यज्ञ कहते हैं
vidhihīnam asṛṣṭānnaṃ mantrahīnam adakṣiṇam | śraddhāvirahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate ||
Ein Opfer, das ohne die vorgeschriebenen Regeln, ohne angemessene Speiseverteilung, ohne die erforderlichen Mantras, ohne die Gabe der dakṣiṇā (Priesterlohn) und ohne Glauben vollzogen wird, wird als tāmasisch (dunkel, verblendet) bezeichnet. Ethisch ist es ein bloßer äußerer Ritus ohne Ehrfurcht, Verantwortung und ohne die Absicht, das Dharma zu wahren.
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
Ritual action is ethically meaningful only when grounded in śāstric procedure, proper offering and sharing, mantric sanctification, fair recompense (dakṣiṇā), and sincere faith. When these are absent, the act becomes tāmasika—an empty or deluded performance rather than dharmic worship.
In the Bhīṣma Parva’s teaching context, Arjuna is being instructed about right conduct and the qualities (guṇas) that color human actions. This verse classifies a certain kind of sacrifice as tāmasika by listing the concrete deficiencies that make it spiritually and ethically flawed.