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Shloka 5

Adhyāya 39 — त्रिगुणविवेकः (Discrimination of the Three Guṇas) and Avyakta-Doctrine

उद्रेकव्यतिरिक्तानां तेषामन्योन्यवर्तिनाम्‌ वक्ष्यते तद्‌ यथा न्यूनं व्यतिरिक्तं च सर्वश:,ऐसा होनेपर भी कहीं तो इन उन्नति और अवनतिके स्वभाववाले तथा एक-दूसरेका अनुसरण करनेवाले गुणोंमेंसे किसीकी न्‍्यूनता देखी जाती है और कहीं अधिकता। सो किस प्रकार? यह बताया जाता है

udrekavyatiriktānāṃ teṣām anyonyavartinām vakṣyate tad yathā nyūnaṃ vyatiriktaṃ ca sarvaśaḥ

Vāyu-deva sprach: „Unter diesen Qualitäten—deren Wesen Aufstieg und Abstieg ist und die wirken, indem sie einander folgen—zeigt sich dennoch, dass eine in manchen Fällen mangelhaft und in anderen übermäßig ist. Wie kommt das? Dies soll nun vollständig erklärt werden.“

उद्रेकincrease/excess
उद्रेक:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउद्रेक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
व्यतिरिक्तानाम्of those that are distinct/different
व्यतिरिक्तानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यतिरिक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
अन्योन्यmutual/one another's
अन्योन्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्योन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वर्तिनाम्of those that follow/act (in accordance)
वर्तिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्तिन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वक्ष्यतेwill be stated/shall be explained
वक्ष्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormFuture, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथाhow/as
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
न्यूनम्deficient/less
न्यूनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्यून
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
व्यतिरिक्तम्excessive/more; distinct
व्यतिरिक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यतिरिक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वशःin every way/entirely
सर्वशः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशः

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyu-deva)

Educational Q&A

Even interdependent qualities that normally rise and fall in relation to each other can appear uneven—deficient in one place and excessive in another—due to specific conditions; the speaker introduces a systematic explanation of this variability.

Vāyu-deva is speaking in a didactic mode, setting up an explanation about why certain qualities (understood as interrelated traits or guṇas) manifest with differing degrees—sometimes less, sometimes more—despite their mutual linkage.