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Shloka 37

Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas

Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue

चातुर्विद्यं तथा वर्णाश्चातुराश्रमिकान्‌ पृथक्‌ । धर्ममेकं चतुष्पादं नित्यमाहुर्मनीषिण:,वैसे ही प्रत्येक वर्ण और आश्रमके लिये पृथक्‌-पृथक्‌ चार विद्याओंका वर्णन करूँगा। मनीषी विद्वान्‌ चार चरणोंवाले एक धर्मको नित्य बतलाते हैं

cāturvidyaṃ tathā varṇāś cāturāśramikān pṛthak | dharmam ekaṃ catuṣpādaṃ nityam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ ||

Ferner werde ich, jeweils gesondert, die vierfache Lehre darlegen, die für jede Varṇa und für jede der vier Lebensstufen (Āśrama) vorgeschrieben ist. Die Weisen verkünden stets: Es gibt nur eine Dharma, die auf vier Stützen ruht.

चातुर्विद्यम्the fourfold knowledge/learning
चातुर्विद्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्विद्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाand/also; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वर्णान्the social classes (varṇas)
वर्णान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
चातुराश्रमिकान्pertaining to the four āśramas (stages of life)
चातुराश्रमिकान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचातुराश्रमिक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
धर्मम्dharma; righteous law/duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एकम्one
एकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चतुष्पादम्four-footed; having four parts
चतुष्पादम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुष्पाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्always; eternally
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
आहुःthey say/declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
मनीषिणःthe wise (sages)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
V
varṇa
Ā
āśrama
D
Dharma

Educational Q&A

Dharma is fundamentally one, yet it is understood and practiced through four supports; accordingly, instruction (cāturvidya) and duties are to be explained distinctly for each varṇa and each āśrama so that conduct aligns with one overarching moral order.

Vāyudeva continues a didactic discourse, announcing that he will set out the fourfold learning and the differentiated norms for the social orders and life-stages, while grounding these distinctions in the unity of Dharma described by sages as ‘four-footed’.