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Shloka 55

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

गुरुं शिष्यो वरयेद्‌ गोप्रदाने स वै गन्ता नियतं स्वर्गमेव । विधिज्ञानां सुमहान्‌ धर्म एष विधिं ह्याद्यं विधय: संविशन्ति,“शिष्य जब गोदान करने लगे, तब उसे ग्रहण करनेके लिये गुरुको चुने। यदि गुरुने वह गोदान स्वीकार कर लिया तो शिष्य निश्चय ही स्वर्गलोकमें जाता है। विधिके जाननेवाले पुरुषोंके लिये यह गोदान महान्‌ धर्म है। अन्य सब विधियाँ इस आदि विधिमें ही अन्तर्भूत हो जाती हैं

guruṁ śiṣyo varayed gopradāne sa vai gantā niyataṁ svargam eva | vidhijñānāṁ sumahān dharma eṣa vidhiṁ hy ādyaṁ vidhayaḥ saṁviśanti ||

Naciketas sprach: „Wenn ein Schüler im Begriff ist, die Gabe einer Kuh zu spenden, soll er einen würdigen Lehrer wählen, der sie empfängt. Nimmt der Lehrer diese Kuhgabe an, so erlangt der Schüler gewiss den Himmel. Für jene, die die Regeln heiliger Lebensführung kennen, ist diese Kuhgabe ein überaus großes Dharma; ja, alle anderen vorgeschriebenen Riten sind in dieser ursprünglichen Satzung zusammengefasst.“

गुरुम्teacher (as object)
गुरुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शिष्यःdisciple
शिष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वरयेत्should choose
वरयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (वरणे)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गोप्रदानेin the giving of a cow (cow-donation)
गोप्रदाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो-प्रदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
गन्ताgoer; one who will go
गन्ता:
TypeNoun
Rootगम् (गत्यर्थे)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Agent noun (future/intentional sense), -तृ/तार् (here: गन्ता)
नियतम्certainly; inevitably
नियतम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनियत
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवonly; indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विधिज्ञानाम्of those who know the rites/rules
विधिज्ञानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविधि-ज्ञान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सुमहान्very great
सुमहान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-महान्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty; righteous act
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विधिम्rule; rite; procedure
विधिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हिfor; indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
आद्यम्first; primordial
आद्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विधयःrules; rites
विधयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संविशन्तिenter; are included (in)
संविशन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-विश् (प्रवेशने)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

नाचिकेत उवाच

नाचिकेत (Naciketas)
गुरु (teacher/preceptor)
शिष्य (disciple)
गो (cow, as a gift)
स्वर्ग (heaven)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that charity is not merely the act of giving but also the discernment of a worthy recipient: a disciple should select a proper guru for the cow-gift, and the guru’s acceptance completes the rite, yielding great merit—so great that other ritual injunctions are said to be encompassed within this foundational act.

Naciketas is speaking about dharma and ritual propriety, explaining the correct procedure and spiritual consequence of gopradāna (cow-donation): the disciple chooses a guru to receive it; if the guru accepts, the disciple is assured heavenly attainment, and the act is praised as a principal ordinance among rites.