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Shloka 51

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

न वधार्थ प्रदातव्या न कीनाशे न नास्तिके । गोजीविने न दातव्या तथा गौर्भरतर्षभ,(गोरसानां न विक्रेतुरपज्चयजनस्य च ।) भरतश्रेष्ठ! जो मनुष्य वध करनेके लिये गौ माँग रहा हो, उसे कदापि गाय नहीं देनी चाहिये। इसी प्रकार कसाईको, नास्तिकको, गायसे ही जीविका चलानेवालेको, गोरस बेचनेवाले और पंचयज्ञ न करनेवालेको भी गाय नहीं देनी चाहिये

bhīṣma uvāca | na vadhārthaṃ pradātavyā na kīn̄āśe na nāstike | gojīvine na dātavyā tathā gaur bharatarṣabha | gorasānāṃ na vikretur apañcayajanasya ca |

Bhīṣma sprach: „O Stier unter den Bharatas, eine Kuh darf niemals dem gegeben werden, der sie mit der Absicht erbittet, sie zu töten. Ebenso soll man sie weder einem Schlachter geben, noch einem Ungläubigen (nāstika), noch einem, der vom Ausnutzen der Kühe lebt, noch einem Händler von Milch und Milchprodukten, noch einem, der die fünf täglichen Opferpflichten vernachlässigt. Die Gabe einer Kuh ist ein heiliger Treuhandauftrag; sie darf nur in Hände gelegt werden, die sie schützen und ehren.“

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वधार्थम्for the purpose of killing
वधार्थम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवधार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रदातव्याshould be given
प्रदातव्या:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligatory), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive sense (ought to be given)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कीनाशेto a butcher
कीनाशे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकीनाश
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नास्तिकेto an atheist/denier
नास्तिके:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनास्तिक
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
गोजीविनेto one who lives by (means of) cows
गोजीविने:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootगोजीविन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दातव्याshould be given
दातव्या:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligatory), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive sense (ought to be given)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
गौःa cow
गौः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गोरसानाम्of cow-products (milk, etc.)
गोरसानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगोरस
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विक्रेतुःto a seller
विक्रेतुः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रेतृ
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
अपञ्चयज्ञजनस्यto one who does not perform the five sacrifices
अपञ्चयज्ञजनस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअपञ्चयज्ञजन
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bharatarṣabha (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)
C
cow (gauḥ)
B
butcher/slaughterer (kīn̄āśa)
N
nāstika (unbeliever/denier)
S
seller of milk-products (gorasavikretṛ)
P
pañca-yajña (five daily sacrifices/duties)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that the merit of go-dāna (gifting a cow) depends on the recipient’s dharmic conduct and intention. A cow should not be given where it will be harmed, commodified, or placed with someone who rejects or neglects foundational duties; the donor must ensure the gift supports protection and righteous living.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, especially the ethics of gifts and conduct. Here he specifies disqualifications for recipients of a cow, framing go-dāna as a sacred responsibility rather than a mere transfer of property.