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Shloka 40

दानफलप्रकरणम् — उपानहदानं, तिलदानं, भूमिदानं, गोदानं, अन्नदानं च

Gifts and Their Stated Results: Footwear, Sesame, Land, Cows, and Food

सो<यं कृत्स्नो ब्राह्मणार्थो राजार्थश्वाप्पसंशय: । राजा हि धर्मकुशल: प्रथमं भूतिलक्षणम्‌,यह सारी कथा ब्राह्मण और क्षत्रियके लिये है। इस विषयमें कोई संदेह नहीं है; क्योंकि राजा धर्ममें कुशल हो, यह प्रजाके ऐश्वर्य (वैभव)-को सूचित करनेवाला प्रथम लक्षण है

so ’yaṁ kṛtsno brāhmaṇārtho rājārthaś cāpy asaṁśayaḥ | rājā hi dharmakuśalaḥ prathamaṁ bhūtilakṣaṇam ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „Diese ganze Darlegung ist zum Wohl des Brahmanen und zum Wohl des Königs bestimmt — daran besteht kein Zweifel. Denn ein König, der im Dharma kundig ist, ist das erste und höchste Zeichen dafür, dass Wohlstand und Glanz des Volkes erwachsen werden.“

सःhe/that
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्स्नःentire, whole
कृत्स्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्स्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणार्थःmatter/purpose concerning Brahmins
ब्राह्मणार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजार्थःmatter/purpose concerning the king (kshatriya rule)
राजार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अप्water
अप्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
धर्मकुशलःskilled in dharma
धर्मकुशलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भूति-लक्षणम्a sign/mark of prosperity
भूति-लक्षणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूतिलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (the king/ruler)
B
brāhmaṇa (Brahmin)

Educational Q&A

A society’s prosperity is rooted in righteous governance: the foremost indicator of public welfare is a ruler who is competent and steady in dharma. The instruction is framed as beneficial both to Brahmins (custodians of learning and ritual order) and to kings (agents of protection and administration).

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues his counsel on dharma. Here he explicitly states that the discourse is directed to the welfare of both Brahmins and rulers, and he highlights a practical criterion of flourishing: a king who understands and upholds dharma.