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Shloka 2

Nakṣatra-yoga-anusāreṇa Dāna-vidhiḥ

Gifts prescribed according to lunar mansions and yogas

युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! उत्तम आचरण, विद्या और कुलमें एक समान प्रतीत होनेवाले दो ब्राह्मणोंमेंसे यदि एक याचक हो और दूसरा अयाचक तो किसको दान देनेसे उत्तम फलकी प्राप्ति होती है? ।। भीष्म उवाच श्रेयो वै याचतः: पार्थ दानमाहुरयाचते । अर््त्तमो वै धृतिमान्‌ कृपणादधृतात्मन:,भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्ठिर! याचना करनेवालेकी अपेक्षा याचना न करनेवालेको दिया हुआ दान ही श्रेष्ठ एवं कल्याणकारी बताया गया है तथा अधीर हृदयवाले कृपण मनुष्यकी अपेक्षा धैर्य धारण करनेवाला ही विशेष सम्मानका पात्र है

bhīṣma uvāca | śreyo vai yācataḥ pārtha dānam āhur ayācate | arthamo vai dhṛtimān kṛpaṇād adhṛtātmanaḥ ||

Bhishma sprach: „O Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira), die Weisen erklären, dass das Geben an den, der nicht bettelt, heilsamer ist als das Geben an den, der bittet. Ebenso ist ein standhafter, selbstbeherrschter Mensch der Ehre würdiger als ein Geizhals, dessen Geist ohne Festigkeit ist.“

श्रेयोbetter, superior (thing)
श्रेयो:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
याचतःfrom/than the one who begs
याचतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयाचत्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
पार्थO son of Pritha (Yudhiṣṭhira)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दानम्gift, giving
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
अयाचतेto the one who does not beg
अयाचते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअ-याचत्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
अर्थमःmore worthy/excellent (person)
अर्थमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्थम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
धृतिमान्steadfast, patient
धृतिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधृतिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृपणात्than a miser
कृपणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकृपण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अधृतात्मनःthan one of uncontrolled/unstable self
अधृतात्मनः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-धृत-आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (addressed as Pārtha)

Educational Q&A

Charity is ethically superior when offered proactively to a worthy person who does not beg (ayācaka), rather than merely responding to a beggar (yācaka). The verse also links worthiness with inner steadiness: self-controlled fortitude is more honorable than miserly, unstable-minded grasping.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira asks Bhīṣma which of two equally qualified brāhmaṇas should receive a gift—one who begs and one who does not. Bhīṣma replies that giving to the non-begging worthy recipient is considered more auspicious and fruitful, and he praises steadiness over miserly lack of self-control.