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Shloka 16

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

भारत! ब्राह्मणसे शूद्रामें जो पुत्र उत्पन्न होता है, उसे तो धन न देनेका ही विधान है तो भी शूद्राके पुत्रको पैतृक धनका स्वल्पतम भाग--एक अंश दे देना चाहिये ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | bhārata! brāhmaṇe śūdrāyāṃ yo putra utpadyate, tasmai tu dhanaṃ na dātavyam iti vidhānam; tathāpi śūdrāyāḥ putrāya paitṛkasya dhanasya svalpatamaṃ bhāgam—ekam aṃśaṃ—dātavyaḥ || daśadhā pravibhaktasya dhanasya eṣa bhavet kramaḥ | savarṇāsu tu jātānāṃ samān bhāgān prakalpayet ||

Bhishma sprach: „O Bhārata, wenn ein Sohn einem Brahmanen von einer Śūdra-Frau geboren wird, lautet die Vorschrift, ihm kein Vermögen zu geben; dennoch soll dem Sohn einer Śūdra der geringste Teil des väterlichen Besitzes gewährt werden – ein Anteil. Dies ist die Ordnung, wenn das Gut in zehn Teile geteilt wird. Doch für Söhne, die von Frauen derselben Varṇa geboren sind, sollen allen gleiche Anteile zugewiesen werden.“

दशधाin ten ways; tenfold
दशधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदशधा
प्रविभक्तस्यof (that which is) divided/apportioned
प्रविभक्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र + वि + √भज्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
धनस्यof wealth
धनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be; should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्रमःorder; sequence; rule
क्रमः:
TypeNoun
Rootक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सवर्णासुamong women of the same varna
सवर्णासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसवर्णा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
जातानाम्of those born
जातानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Root√जन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
समान्equal
समान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भागान्shares; portions
भागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रकल्पयेत्should assign; should apportion
प्रकल्पयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √कॢप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharata (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma outlines a dharma-based rule for inheritance: in a ten-part division, sons born from women of the same varna receive equal shares, while a son connected with a Shudra mother is assigned only the smallest portion, reflecting the text’s normative social-legal framework.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira on household and legal duties—specifically, how paternal wealth should be apportioned among sons under different marital/varna circumstances.