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Shloka 16

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

प्रभुत्वं हि पराक्रम्य सम्यक्‌ पक्षहरेषु ते । यदि त्वमिह धर्मार्थी मामपि द्रष्टमहसि,जो लोग आपकी आज्ञाभंग करनेवाले शत्रुकोटिके अन्तर्गत हैं उनपर पराक्रम करके अपनी प्रभुता प्रकट करना आपके लिये उचित हो सकता है। यदि धर्मके लिये आप यहाँ कबूतरकी रक्षा करते हों तो मुझ भूखे पक्षीपर भी आपको दृष्टि डालनी चाहिये

prabhutvaṁ hi parākramya samyak pakṣahareṣu te | yadi tvam iha dharmārthī mām api draṣṭum arhasi ||

Der Habicht sprach: „Es mag wohl angemessen sein, dass du deine Herrschaft zeigst, indem du deinen Mut gegen jene richtest, die dein Gebot brechen—gegen die, welche geflügelte Wesen erbeuten. Doch wenn du wahrhaft um des Dharma willen hier bist, entschlossen, die Taube zu schützen, dann musst du auch mich beachten, einen hungernden Vogel.“

प्रभुत्वम्lordship, sovereignty
प्रभुत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभुत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पराक्रम्यhaving exerted valor; having attacked/overpowered
पराक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपराक्रम्
FormAbsolutive (त्वा/ल्यप्), Active
सम्यक्properly, rightly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
पक्षहरेषुamong bird-catchers/wing-stealers (those who seize birds)
पक्षहरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षहर
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
तेof you, your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
धर्मार्थीseeking dharma; intent on righteousness
धर्मार्थी:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मार्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
द्रष्टुम्to see, to look at
द्रष्टुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्), Active
अर्हसिyou ought, you deserve/are fit
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

श्येन उवाच

श्येन (hawk)
पक्षि (winged creatures/birds)

Educational Q&A

Dharma must be consistent and comprehensive: protecting the weak (the dove) cannot ignore the legitimate need of another being (the hungry hawk). The verse frames a moral test—true righteousness considers all affected parties, not only the most sympathetic.

The hawk challenges the protector’s stance: if the protector claims to act for dharma by saving the dove, he must also acknowledge the hawk’s hunger and right to sustenance. The hawk argues that authority and moral duty should address both the prey’s safety and the predator’s need.