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Shloka 21

Aṣṭāvakra and the Woman: Disclosure, Permission, and Marital Resolution (अनुशासन पर्व, अध्याय २२)

पिता रक्षति कौमारे भर्ता रक्षति यौवने । पुत्राश्न॒ स्थाविरे काले नास्ति स्त्रीणां स्वतन्त्रता,कुमारावस्थामें पिता इसकी रक्षा करते हैं, जवानीमें वह पतिके संरक्षणमें रहती है और बुढ़ापेमें पुत्र उसकी देखभाल करते हैं। इस प्रकार स्त्रियोंके लिये स्वतन्त्रता नहीं है

pitā rakṣati kaumāre bhartā rakṣati yauvanae | putrā rakṣanti sthavire kāle nāsti strīṇāṁ svatantratā ||

In der Kindheit wird eine Frau vom Vater beschützt; in der Jugend vom Ehemann; und im Alter von ihren Söhnen. So heißt es in dieser normativen Aussage der sozialen Dharma, dass Frauen nicht unabhängig handeln, sondern unter der Obhut der Beschützer der Familie leben.

पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कौमारेin childhood
कौमारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकौमार
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भर्ताhusband
भर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यौवनेin youth
यौवने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयौवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रक्षन्तिprotect
रक्षन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
स्थाविरेin old age
स्थाविरे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थाविर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्त्रीणाम्of women
स्त्रीणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
स्वतन्त्रताindependence
स्वतन्त्रता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वतन्त्रता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

सअद्टावक्र उवाच

पिता (father)
भर्ता (husband)
पुत्र (sons)
स्त्री (women)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a traditional dharma-based model of guardianship: a woman is expected to be under the protection of father, husband, and sons at different life stages, implying limited personal autonomy within that social framework.

Within Anuśāsana Parva’s instructional setting, the speaker states a rule-like maxim about household and social conduct, describing who is responsible for a woman’s protection across childhood, youth, and old age.