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Shloka 41

कालयुक्तधर्मविवेकः

Discerning Dharma in Accord with Time

उमोवाच महान्‌ मे संशय: कक्रिन्मर्त्यान्‌ प्रति महेश्वर । तस्मात्‌ त्वं नैपुणेनाद्य मम व्याख्यातुमहसि,उमाने पूछा-महेश्वर! मुझे मनुष्योंके विषयमें एक महान्‌ संशय है। आप अच्छी तरह उस संशयका समाधान करें

umovāca mahān me saṁśayaḥ kṛtsnaṁ martyān prati maheśvara | tasmāt tvaṁ naipuṇenādya mama vyākhyātum arhasi ||

Umā sprach: „O Maheśvara, in mir ist ein großer Zweifel hinsichtlich der Menschen entstanden. Darum sollst du mir heute mit deinem vollen Unterscheidungsvermögen dies klar darlegen und meine Ungewissheit lösen.“

उमाUmā
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwhat? / which?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्done / made
कृत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
मर्त्यान्mortals / human beings
मर्त्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रतिtowards / with regard to
प्रति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
महेश्वरO Mahēśvara (Great Lord)
महेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootमहेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
नैपुणेनwith skill / expertly
नैपुणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनैपुण्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अद्यtoday / now
अद्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
ममmy / of me
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
व्याख्यातुम्to explain
व्याख्यातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्याख्या + तुमुन् (व्याख्यातुम्)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou ought / you are able
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Second, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

U
Umā (Pārvatī)
M
Maheśvara (Śiva)

Educational Q&A

The verse models dharmic inquiry: when a moral or existential doubt arises about human conduct, one should seek a competent teacher and request a clear, reasoned explanation rather than remain in confusion.

Umā addresses Maheśvara and introduces a major doubt concerning mortals; she asks him to explain it skillfully, setting up a didactic exchange in which Śiva will clarify the issue.