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Shloka 48

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

(क्षत्रियास्तु ततो देवि द्विजानां पालने स्मृता: । यदि न क्षत्रियो लोके जगत्‌ स्यादधरोत्तरम्‌ ।। रक्षणात्‌ क्षत्रियरेव जगद्‌ भवति शाश्वतम्‌ । देवि! क्षत्रिय ब्राह्मणोंके पालनमें तत्पर रहते हैं। यदि संसारमें क्षत्रिय न होता तो इस जगत्‌में भारी उलट-फेर या विप्लव मच जाता क्षत्रियोंद्वारा रक्षा होनेसे ही यह जगत्‌ सदा टिका रहता है ।। सम्यग्गुणहितो धर्मों धर्म: पौरहितक्रिया । व्यवहारस्थितिर्नित्यं गुणयुक्तो महीपति: ।।) उत्तम गुणोंका सम्पादन और पुरवासियोंका हितसाधन उसके लिये धर्म है। गुणवान्‌ राजा सदा न्याययुक्त व्यवहारमें स्थित रहे ।। प्रजा: पालयते यो हि धर्मेण मनुजाधिप: । तस्य धर्मार्जिता लोका: प्रजापालनसंचिता:,जो राजा धर्मपूर्वक प्रजाका पालन करता है, उसे उसके प्रजापालनरूपी धर्मके प्रभावसे उत्तम लोक प्राप्त होते हैं

kṣatriyās tu tato devi dvijānāṃ pālane smṛtāḥ | yadi na kṣatriyo loke jagat syād adharottaram || rakṣaṇāt kṣatriyair eva jagad bhavati śāśvatam || samyag guṇahito dharmo dharmaḥ paurahitakriyā | vyavahārasthitir nityaṃ guṇayukto mahīpatiḥ || prajāḥ pālayate yo hi dharmeṇa manujādhipaḥ | tasya dharmārjitā lokāḥ prajā-pālana-saṃcitāḥ ||

Mahādeva sprach: „Darum, o Göttin, gelten die Kṣatriyas als jene, die sich dem Schutz der Zweimalgeborenen widmen. Gäbe es in der Welt keinen Kṣatriya, würde die Ordnung der Welt umgestürzt und ins Chaos gestürzt. Durch den Schutz der Kṣatriyas allein besteht diese Welt fortwährend. Für einen König besteht Dharma in der rechten Pflege edler Eigenschaften und in Handlungen, die das Wohl der Stadtbewohner sichern; ein tugendhafter Herrscher soll stets in gerechtem und gesetzmäßigem Verhalten gegründet sein. Der menschliche Souverän, der seine Untertanen gemäß dem Dharma schützt, erlangt erhabene Welten — durch Dharma gewonnen und durch das Verdienst des Schutzes des Volkes angesammelt.“

क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
ततःthereafter/therefore
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
देविO goddess
देवि:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
द्विजानाम्of the twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
द्विजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पालनेin protection/guarding
पालने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपालन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
स्मृताःare remembered/are regarded
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (स्मरणे)
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भुवि)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अधः-उत्तरम्topsy-turvy (down-and-up)
अधः-उत्तरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअधः + उत्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रक्षणात्from/through protection
रक्षणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
क्षत्रियैःby Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवतिexists/comes to be
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (सत्तायाम्)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शाश्वतम्everlasting/continuous
शाश्वतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
देविO goddess
देवि:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
सम्यक्properly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
गुण-हितःbeneficial to virtues / promoting good qualities
गुण-हितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुण + हित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma/duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पौर-हित-क्रियाactivity for the welfare of citizens
पौर-हित-क्रिया:
TypeNoun
Rootपौर + हित + क्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
व्यवहार-स्थितिःsteadiness in judicial conduct/practice
व्यवहार-स्थितिः:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार + स्थिति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
गुण-युक्तःendowed with virtues
गुण-युक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुण + युक्त
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
महीपतिःking (lord of the earth)
महीपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
पालयतेprotects/maintains
पालयते:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (रक्षणे)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
धर्मेणby/through dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मनुज-अधिपःruler of men
मनुज-अधिपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुज + अधिप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
धर्म-अर्जिताःearned by dharma
धर्म-अर्जिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म + अर्जित
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःworlds/realms
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रजा-पालन-संचिताःaccumulated through protecting subjects
प्रजा-पालन-संचिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रजा + पालन + संचित
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Mahādeva (Mahāśvara/Śiva)
D
Devī (the Goddess; interlocutor)
K
Kṣatriyas
D
Dvijas (twice-born, especially Brāhmaṇas)
M
Mahīpati (king)
P
Prajā (subjects/citizens)

Educational Q&A

The passage defines rājadharma: the Kṣatriya’s essential role is protection—especially safeguarding the social-religious order represented by the twice-born—and the king’s dharma is to cultivate virtues, act for public welfare, and uphold just legal conduct; such protection yields spiritual merit and higher realms.

Śrī Mahādeva addresses Devī, explaining why Kṣatriyas are indispensable to the stability of the world and then specifying what counts as dharma for a ruler: welfare-oriented action, virtue, and consistent justice in public dealings, culminating in the reward gained by a king who protects his subjects righteously.