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Shloka 1

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

अफड-्#-करत सप्तदशाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: शुभ कर्मसे एक कीड़ेको पूर्व-जन्मकी स्मृति होना और कीट-योनिमें भी मृत्युका भय एवं सुखकी अनुभूति बताकर कीड़ेका अपने कल्याणका उपाय पूछना युधिछिर उवाच अकामाश्च्‌ सकामाश्च ये हता: सम महामृधे | कां गतिं प्रतिपन्नास्ते तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! जो योद्धा महासमरमें इच्छा या अनिच्छासे मारे गये हैं, वे किस गतिको प्राप्त हुए है? यह मुझे बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

akāmāś ca sakāmāś ca ye hatāḥ samare mahā-mṛdhe |

kāṃ gatiṃ pratipannās te tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „Großvater, jene Krieger, die im gewaltigen Zusammenprall der Schlacht erschlagen wurden—ob sie ohne persönliches Begehren kämpften oder mit Begehren—welches Geschick haben sie erlangt? Sage mir dies.“

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अकामाःunwilling (without desire)
अकामाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सकामाःwilling (with desire)
सकामाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हताःkilled, slain
हताः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त, Passive (past participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
समेin the battle (in the encounter)
समे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
महामृधेin the great fight/battle
महामृधे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहामृध
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
कांwhich (what) (f.)
कां:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्state, course, destiny
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिपन्नाःhaving attained, having reached
प्रतिपन्नाः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√पद्
Formक्त, Active (past participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (you)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry into how intention (desire-driven vs. desireless action) relates to posthumous destiny, especially in the morally complex context of death in war.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘Grandfather’ and asks him to explain what fate befalls warriors killed in a great battle, distinguishing between those who fought with personal desire and those who did not.