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Shloka 1

अन्नदानफलं (Anna-dāna-phala) / The Fruit of Food-Giving

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पावका ई “लोक मिलाकर कुल २१३ “लोक हैं) भीस्न्आ+ज (2) आसन मना नवाधिकशततमो<्ध्याय: प्रत्येक मासकी द्वादशशी तिथिको उपवास और भगवान्‌ विष्णुकी पूजा करनेका विशेष माहात्म्य युधिछिर उवाच सर्वेषामुपवासानां यच्छेय: सुमहत्फलम्‌ । यच्चाप्यसंशयं लोके तनमे त्वं वक्तुमहसि,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--पितामह! समस्त उपवासोंमें जो सबसे श्रेष्ठ और महान्‌ फल देनेवाला है तथा जिसके विषयमें लोगोंको कोई संशय नहीं है, वह आप मुझे बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: Sarveṣām upavāsānāṁ yac chreyaḥ sumahat phalam | yac cāpy asaṁśayaṁ loke tan me tvaṁ vaktum arhasi ||

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „Großvater, unter allen Arten des Fastens sage mir, welche die beste ist und die größte Frucht gewährt—und welche in der Welt als zweifelsfrei gilt. Bitte erkläre mir das.“

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
उपवासानाम्of fasts
उपवासानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
यत्which (that)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
श्रेयःthe best (good)
श्रेयः:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुमहत्very great
सुमहत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यत्and which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
असंशयम्undoubted, beyond doubt
असंशयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसंशय
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
वक्तुम्to tell, to say
वक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou ought (are fit) to
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (implied by address 'pitāmaha' / grandfather)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry: among many religious observances, one should seek the practice that is both supremely beneficial (śreyaḥ, sumahat phalam) and socially/śāstrically uncontested (asaṁśayam). It highlights discernment in choosing vows, not mere ritual variety.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-setting, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘pitāmaha’ and asks him to identify the most excellent and doubt-free form of fasting, preparing the ground for Bhīṣma’s subsequent exposition on a specific vrata/upavāsa and its merit.