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Shloka 7

Tapas-śreṣṭhatā: Anāśana as the Highest Austerity

Bhagīratha–Brahmā Saṃvāda

नहि देवा न गंधर्वा न मनुष्या भगीरथ | आयान्त्यतप्ततपस: कथं वै त्वमिहागत:,“भगीरथ! देवता, गंधर्व और मनुष्य बिना तपस्या किये यहाँ नहीं आ सकते। फिर तुम कैसे यहाँ आ गये?”

nahi devā na gandharvā na manuṣyā bhagīratha | āyānty ataptatapasaḥ kathaṃ vai tvam ihāgataḥ ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „O Bhagīratha, weder die Götter noch die Gandharvas noch die Menschen können ohne vollbrachte Askese an diesen Ort gelangen. Wie also bist du hierher gekommen?“

नहिindeed not / surely not
नहि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनहि
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गन्धर्वाःGandharvas
गन्धर्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगन्धर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मनुष्याःhumans
मनुष्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भगीरथO Bhagiratha
भगीरथ:
TypeNoun
Rootभगीरथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आयान्तिcome
आयान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया (इ)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अतप्ततपसःfrom one whose austerity is not performed (i.e., without austerity)
अतप्ततपसः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतप्त-तपस्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
आगतःcome / arrived
आगतः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formक्त (past passive participle used actively), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bhagiratha
D
Devas
G
Gandharvas
H
Humans (Manushyas)

Educational Q&A

Access to higher or sacred realms is not gained by status or birth (even as god, Gandharva, or human), but by tapas—disciplined austerity and earned merit. The verse underscores ethical causality: spiritual attainment requires effort and self-restraint.

Bhishma addresses Bhagiratha with surprise and scrutiny, stating that even celestial beings cannot reach ‘here’ without austerities, and therefore asks how Bhagiratha has arrived—implying Bhagiratha must possess exceptional tapas or merit.