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Shloka 11

ययाति–दौहित्रसंवादः

Yayāti and the Grandsons: Discourse on Lokas, Dāna, and Satya

वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्पतन्ति यैराहत: शोचति रात्र्यहानि । परस्य नामर्मसु ते पतन्ति तान्‌ पण्डितो नावसूजेत्‌ परेषु,दुष्ट मनुष्योंक मुखसे कटु वचनरूपी बाण सदा छूटते रहते हैं, जिनसे आहत होकर मनुष्य रात-दिन शोक और चिन्तामें डूबा रहता है। वे वाग्बाण दूसरोंके मर्मस्थानोंपर ही चोट करते हैं। अतः विद्वान पुरुष दूसरेके प्रति ऐसी कठोर वाणीका प्रयोग न करे

vāksāyakā vadanān niṣpatanti yair āhataḥ śocati rātryahāni | parasya nāmarmasu te patanti tān paṇḍito nāvasūjet pareṣu ||

Śakra sprach: „Aus dem Mund des Menschen schießen Pfeile in Gestalt der Rede; von ihnen getroffen, trauert man Tag und Nacht. Diese Wortpfeile treffen die empfindlichen, lebenswichtigen Stellen des anderen. Darum soll der Weise solche harten Worte nicht gegen andere schleudern.“

वाक्speech, word
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सायकाarrows
सायका:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसायका
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वदनात्from the mouth
वदनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवदन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
निष्पतन्तिfly out, shoot forth
निष्पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यैःby which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
आहतःstruck, wounded
आहतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√हन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
शोचतिgrieves
शोचति:
TypeVerb
Root√शुच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रात्रि-अहानिnights and days (day and night)
रात्रि-अहानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि + अहन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
परस्यof another, of others
परस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
नामname
नाम:
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मर्मसुin the vital spots, sensitive points
मर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
तेthey (those)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पतन्तिfall, strike, alight
पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√पत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तान्those (words/arrows)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पण्डितःa wise man
पण्डितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपण्डित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवसूजेत्should not discharge/let loose
अवसूजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√सृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
परेषुtowards/among others
परेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
V
vāk-sāyaka (speech-arrows)
M
marma (vital/sensitive points)

Educational Q&A

Words can wound as sharply as weapons, causing lasting sorrow; therefore, the wise restrain harsh, contemptuous speech and avoid striking others at their vulnerable points.

Śakra (Indra) delivers a moral instruction, using the metaphor of ‘speech-arrows’ to warn that cruel words inflict deep, enduring pain, and he advises cultivated conduct in speech toward others.